tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63797711632606540172024-03-05T19:06:47.879-08:00THIRD REICHBobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-17457258323437175752009-12-09T03:47:00.000-08:002009-12-09T04:27:46.410-08:00Pemaksaan Peradilan yang dilakukan bagi Bekas Nazi<div style="text-align: justify;">Penjaga kamp Konsentrasi Nazi, John Demjanjuk yang dibalut selimut menggunakan kursi roda, dibantu ketika memasuki sebuah ruang pengadilan di Munich, pada hari Senin (30/11), saat pradilannya mulai digelar. Sidang pengadilan John Demjanjuk, mantan penjaga kamp Nazi berusia 89 tahun, dimulai, atas tuduhan membantu memaksa 27.900 orang Yahudi masuk kamar-kamar gas pada 1943. Demjanjuk, seorang pensiunan pekerja pabrik mobil AS, muncul menggunakan kursi roda di depan sebuah pengadilan di kota Munich, Jerman Selatan mungkin menjadi sidang pengadilan besar terakhir Jerman dari era Nazi.<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8SRWxPYQIJsq0rndzFVN1puLDHEFUi3OtlrwXRTOAxNHSL-2_h3L7pPwxMenkMndZpEsy1xcd-YL5_T4ohPvA8rzBgcM3yEMpSlx3WXrdg-DshgEnUa43YCQiH36moqUp9qEw-N33TyF3/s1600-h/nazi.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 180px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8SRWxPYQIJsq0rndzFVN1puLDHEFUi3OtlrwXRTOAxNHSL-2_h3L7pPwxMenkMndZpEsy1xcd-YL5_T4ohPvA8rzBgcM3yEMpSlx3WXrdg-DshgEnUa43YCQiH36moqUp9qEw-N33TyF3/s400/nazi.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5413207880163915362" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">John Demjanjuk</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">Saat dipersidangan</span><br /></div>Para jaksa negeri Jerman yakin Demjanjuk, yang berada di urutan teratas daftar Pusat Simon Wiesenthal para penjahat perang paling dicari, membantu pembunuhan di kamp maut Sobibor, apa yang sekarang disebut Polandia, tempat setidaknya 250.000 orang Yahudi dibunuh. Kelompok-kelompok Yahudi dan keluarga para korban mengatakan tidak pernah terlambat bagi keadilan dilaksanakan dan kasus itu merupakan simbolis. “Kita seharusnya tidak salah berpikir bahwa satu kasus terhadap seorang penjahat perang merupakan kasus terhadap hanya satu orang,” kata Rabbi Marvin Hier, Ketua Pusat Wiesenthal di Los Angeles.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Apakah Simon Wiesenthal Center??</span><br />“Didirikan sejak tahun 1993 untuk mengkonfrontasikan pengunjung pada Bigotri dan Rasisme, dan untuk memahami holocaust secara historis maupun kontekstual". Simon Wiesenthal Center adalah LSM internasional yang didirikan untuk melindungi umat dan kepentingan Yahudi di seluruh dunia. “Berdiri bersama Israel, membela keselamatan umat Yahudi di dunia, dan mengajarkan penerangan rekayasa holocaust yang secara rapi pada generasi mendatang,” Eksistensi LSM yang bermarkas di Los Angeles tersebut sudah diakui oleh lembaga-lembaga internasional lainnya. Wiesenthal mengklaim berkekuatan 400.000 kader di AS dan sudah terakreditasi PBB, UNESCO, dan Konsul Eropa.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXlrYCZ5cUdM0v-KGRNZMyNPcGjt_UKrQoLe86oR6NdUt-ThUrqofZgVlOyv1PpQsEU813AU3hlhLPOjmJGSRyHbWxASbrxYOrYFxNu_5zvod8GH6vtO06IEE0HwaHLaYc8C8QE952RqZN/s1600-h/simon.gif"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 173px; height: 193px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXlrYCZ5cUdM0v-KGRNZMyNPcGjt_UKrQoLe86oR6NdUt-ThUrqofZgVlOyv1PpQsEU813AU3hlhLPOjmJGSRyHbWxASbrxYOrYFxNu_5zvod8GH6vtO06IEE0HwaHLaYc8C8QE952RqZN/s400/simon.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5413209209084970306" border="0" /></a>LSM berlogo Bintang Daud yang memiliki aset $ 66.193.619 itu juga memiliki sejumlah program yang mengatasnamakan perlindungan HAM. Mereka bermimpi untuk menciptakan dunia yang lebih baik dari yang sekarang ini. “Simon Wiesenthal Center adalah organisasi internasional HAM Yahudi yang didirikan untuk memperbaiki dunia selangkah demi selangkah.”<br /><br />Petikan kalimat itu terpampang dengan jelas dalam kolom ‘about us’ situs Simon Wiesenthal Center. Dalam situs mereka, juga diterangkan beberapa kantor cabang Simon Wiesenthal Center yang tersebar di New York, Toronto, Palm Beach, Paris, Buenos Aires, dan Yerusalem.<br /><br />Simon Wiesenthal Center jelas-jelas memproklamasikan dirinya sebagai LSM pelindung Yahudi dan Perekayasa Holocaust yang dilakukan oleh Nazi. Berbagai program sudah terorganisasi rapi untuk mendukung tujuan mereka.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpjyO-88VNm0GsB9OU5u83Yrk1yg6SwWqJFRomJw1RqaoufNkGC_3N9DARO_TSvS64tPv5-77RXhS6wjjfyCgBvVQW6hfXS7aP4gd8xna4uWbDuBLKwXtKaWvv5P7BEvNlYchICUFko18y/s1600-h/Para+terdakwa+yg+diajukan+oleh+simontal.gif"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 334px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpjyO-88VNm0GsB9OU5u83Yrk1yg6SwWqJFRomJw1RqaoufNkGC_3N9DARO_TSvS64tPv5-77RXhS6wjjfyCgBvVQW6hfXS7aP4gd8xna4uWbDuBLKwXtKaWvv5P7BEvNlYchICUFko18y/s400/Para+terdakwa+yg+diajukan+oleh+simontal.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5413211087099790818" border="0" /></a>Para terdakwa yang diajukan oleh Simon Wiesenthal Center<br /></div>Demjanjuk, yang lahir di Ukraina dan turut bertempur dalam Tentara Merah sebelum ditawan oleh tentara Nazi dan direkrut sebagai seorang penjaga kamp, diekstradisi Mei lalu dari AS. Ia beremigrasi ke AS pada 1951, menjadi warganegara pada 1958, dan bekerja di industri mobil. Ia menyangkal dia terlibat dalam Holocust dan keluarganya bersikeras dia terlalu lemah untuk diajukan ke pengadilan. Putra Demjanjuk mengatakan ayahnya dirawat di rumah sakit selama lima hari dalam sepekan terakhir untuk menjalani serangkaian pemeriksaan dan memerlukan transfusi darah karena menderita penyakit sumsum tulang. “Mereka memaksa sidang pengadilan diteruskan tanpa memperhatikan kondisi ayah saya,” kata John Demjanjuk Jr.<br /><br />www.wiesenthal.com<br />www.detik.com<br />Reuters<br /></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-30580236914823737022009-10-12T07:48:00.000-07:002009-10-12T07:55:05.049-07:00The "Enabling Act" (March 24, 1933)<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="bodytext">Hitler had decided to build his dictatorship through a largely legal process. His next important step along that road was to emasculate the Reichstag by transferring its legislative authority to the Reich government. Such a fundamental change to the Weimar Constitution required a two-thirds majority, however. When, after eliminating the Communists, Hitler was still 31 votes short, he persuaded the German Center Party to approve this measure. During the Reichstag session in Berlin’s <a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1884&language=english">Kroll Opera House</a> on March 23, 1933, Hitler falsely claimed that this new law was <i>not</i> tantamount to the abolition of the Reichstag, since he would use his new legislative authority over the next four years only in emergencies.<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4hA84RAJKz0YX3GXWzbxyIW7n4sd4LkFNP-gXNrZ80u0wdFIvIPzFTY-oOsdn_hwazJUjxtgB-xtW7W1KUzPizdQ-zaSQPVred84EOSmRueDgkd4BBhRc_N2mR3K6wQVb9h8FrWHR9Q3Z/s1600-h/highres_30013861+copy.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 294px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4hA84RAJKz0YX3GXWzbxyIW7n4sd4LkFNP-gXNrZ80u0wdFIvIPzFTY-oOsdn_hwazJUjxtgB-xtW7W1KUzPizdQ-zaSQPVred84EOSmRueDgkd4BBhRc_N2mR3K6wQVb9h8FrWHR9Q3Z/s400/highres_30013861+copy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5391726544531831170" border="0" /></a>Kroll Opera House from front side view<br /><br /></div><b>Law to Remove the Distress of the People and the State (The </b><b>Enabling Act)</b><br /><br />The Reichstag has passed the following law, which is, with the approval of the Reichsrat, herewith promulgated, after it has been established that it meets the requirements for legislation altering the Constitution. <p class="bodytext">Article 1. National laws can be enacted by the Reich Cabinet as well as in accordance with the procedure established in the Constitution. This also applies to the laws referred to in Article 85, Paragraph 2, and in Article 87 of the Constitution. </p><p class="bodytext">Article 2. The national laws enacted by the Reich Cabinet may deviate from the Constitution as long as they do not affect the position of the Reichstag and the Reichsrat. The powers of the President remain undisturbed. </p><p class="bodytext">Article 3. The national laws enacted by the Reich Cabinet shall be prepared by the Chancellor and published in the <i>Reichsgesetzblatt</i>. They come into effect, unless otherwise specified, the day after their publication. Articles 68-77 of the Constitution do not apply to the laws enacted by the Reich Cabinet. </p><p class="bodytext">Article 4. Treaties of the Reich with foreign states which concern matters of national legislation do not require the consent of the bodies participating in legislation. The Reich Cabinet is empowered to issue the necessary provisions for the implementation of these treaties. </p><p class="bodytext">Article 5. This law becomes effective on the day of its publication. It becomes invalid on April 1, 1937; it also becomes invalid if the present Reich Cabinet is replaced by another. </p><p class="bodytext"> Reich President von Hindenburg<br />Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler<br />Reich Minister of the Interior Frick<br />Reich Minister for Foreign Affairs Baron von Neurath<br />Reich Minister of Finances Count Schwerin von Krosigk </p><br /></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-1677360420444840272009-10-10T06:14:00.000-07:002009-10-10T06:22:29.167-07:00Cabinet Discussion of the Reichstag Fire and Necessary Changes in the Law (March 7, 1933)<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOto2Z084FJmnpxYGtRoAbq3q_60dnAlHk8I1L4CbyNB2oQUPMxBC8dhsjY6T1z5mEJggnzMt11izU_L8rVoff_YuAYS8qY1pfwvgREetKRX43AntCJ8EBQclsvZcIIdQ0Dwibxa7jcXmW/s1600-h/35f21caaf92d3e0e4e411c37c8754530_image_document_large_featured_borderless.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 253px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOto2Z084FJmnpxYGtRoAbq3q_60dnAlHk8I1L4CbyNB2oQUPMxBC8dhsjY6T1z5mEJggnzMt11izU_L8rVoff_YuAYS8qY1pfwvgREetKRX43AntCJ8EBQclsvZcIIdQ0Dwibxa7jcXmW/s400/35f21caaf92d3e0e4e411c37c8754530_image_document_large_featured_borderless.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5390960854779897650" border="0" /></a><span class="bodytext">Marinus Van Der Lubbe</span><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="bodytext">On March 7, 1933, two days after the elections, the new cabinet discussed the fate of the arsonist <a href="http://www.germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=2265&language=english"> Marinus van der Lubbe</a>. The following excerpt reveals the general contempt that the new government felt for the constitutional state [<i>Rechtsstaat</i>]. But it also shows how limited Hitler’s power still was at this point. At his later trial, van der Lubbe was sentenced to death for treason and arson.</span><br /><br /><br /><span class="bodytext"></span><br /><span class="bodytext"></span><span class="bodytext">[ . . . ]<p class="bodytext"> The Reich Minister of the Interior [Frick] spoke about the Reichstag fire and the punishment of the culprits, and stated that it was urgently necessary to hang van der Lubbe at once, and that this needed to happen on Königsplatz at that. To be sure, the law that currently applied to arson only provided for a prison sentence, but it had to be possible to impose the penalty of death by hanging for such a heinous crime and to apply it retroactively. The principle of <i>nulla poena sine lege</i> should not be applied without restriction. Professor Dr. Nagler (Breslau), Professor Dr. von Weber (Jena), and Professor Dr. Öttler (Würzburg) had rendered opinions to this effect. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Minister of the Interior then reported on the substance of the opinions as enclosed. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Chancellor stressed the fact that, in his opinion also, it was urgently necessary to hang van der Lubbe. The German public absolutely expected this. He could not recognize the doctrine of “the law must be observed,” if the entire national life had to perish as a result. </p><p class="bodytext"> Reich Minister Göring stated that the Reichstag fire had been previously announced at four different places. Whether the person arrested at the Belgian border had any connection with the deed was still uncertain. In the meantime, however, it had become known that van der Lubbe had already been summoned to court three times in Holland. </p><p class="bodytext"> He [Göring] had seized the Karl Liebknecht House. A special commission for the struggle against the German Communist party was to be installed there. </p><p class="bodytext"> The attempt planned on the life of the Chancellor in Königsberg was serious. It had been carefully prepared. Three persons had also been arrested. It was necessary to await the results of the investigation. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Chancellor stated that, as far as his person was concerned, he had no fears of assassination. The consequences of a successful attempt would, however, be terrible for the public. In that event, 100,000 Communists would probably be killed. </p><p class="bodytext"> State Secretary Dr. Schlegelberger stated that he agreed entirely with the view of the Reich Chancellor that the law had to be adjusted to the circumstances. </p><p class="bodytext"> A preliminary investigation of van der Lubbe had opened today (March 7) on grounds of high treason and arson. </p></span><br /></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext">He had to refer very emphatically to the doctrine of <i>nulla poena sine lege</i>. Only in Russia, China, and some small Cantons of Switzerland did this doctrine not apply. He would again study carefully the opinion mentioned by the Reich Minister of the Interior. The Reich Ministry of Justice would then, for its part, prepare an opinion and send both opinions to the Reich Ministers for their information. </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext"> State Secretary Dr. Meissner said that the statements of the Chancellor were entirely correct from a political perspective. The public was right in demanding a severe punishment for van der Lubbe. </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext"> The Reich President [Hindenburg], however, might twice suffer severe qualms of conscience, namely, if he were to sign an order prescribing the death penalty, etc., and then again if he were to decide later on to pardon the condemned man. He asked that the Reich Chancellor, the Reich Minister of the Interior, and the Reich Minister of Justice [Gürtner] submit the matter to the President before there was a final decision by the Cabinet.</p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext"> Reich Commissar Dr. Popitz stated that he was afraid that the Reich Supreme Court [Reichsgericht] would not recognize the validity of a retroactive order prescribing the death penalty. </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext"> The Chancellor stated that he would get in touch with the President of the Reich Supreme Court about this. </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext"> It was expected that the Chancellor would first speak alone with the President concerning the matter. </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="bodytext"> [ . . . ] </p>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-67373339803789664422009-10-08T20:41:00.000-07:002009-10-08T20:47:04.634-07:00Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of the People and State ("Reichstag Fire Decree") February 28, 1933<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyelqpVrMmN0wrnUx5Bm-jgJtN7NOZvcaZX8H4-3KA8AHwoNWaQBR2bmdVNvkZjsyqoYUlo8iYCngZDyx7h0QEtiotVaKsjkQiVL0HWZ1LWCiZucjMY0Ba7lL7IQGsfffkOQTXEAqjawV9/s1600-h/Reichstag+Fire+Decree.JPG"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 257px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyelqpVrMmN0wrnUx5Bm-jgJtN7NOZvcaZX8H4-3KA8AHwoNWaQBR2bmdVNvkZjsyqoYUlo8iYCngZDyx7h0QEtiotVaKsjkQiVL0HWZ1LWCiZucjMY0Ba7lL7IQGsfffkOQTXEAqjawV9/s400/Reichstag+Fire+Decree.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5390440779004353298" border="0" /></a>Content of Reichstag Fire Decree<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="bodytext">The <a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1876&language=english">Reichstag fire</a> gave Hitler the welcome opportunity to eliminate any and all political opposition. The next day, he persuaded <a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1872&language=english">President Hindenburg</a> (1847-1934) to issue the “Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of the People and State” (or the “Reichstag Fire Decree”). It suspended most of the basic rights of the Weimar Constitution and tightened the Reich's control over state governments. Thousands of Communists and Social Democrats were arrested and their meetings and papers were outlawed, but the National Socialist election campaign proceeded unhindered. Despite the decree, the Nazi Party was still unable to capture an absolute majority in the Reichstag elections of March 5, 1933. With 43.9% of the votes, it still needed the German National People’s Party [<i>Deutschnationale Volkspartei</i>, DNVP] as a coalition partner.<br /><br /></span><b><br />Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of the People and State of 28. February 1933</b><br /><br />On the basis of Article 48, Section 2, of the German Constitution, the following is decreed as a defensive measure against Communist acts of violence that endanger the state: <p class="bodytext"> § 1<br />Articles 114, 115, 117, 118, 123, 124, and 153 of the Constitution of the German Reich are suspended until further notice. Thus, restrictions on personal liberty, on the right of free expression of opinion, including freedom of the press, on the right of assembly and the right of association, and violations of the privacy of postal, telegraphic, and telephonic communications, and warrants for house searches, orders for confiscations as well as restrictions on property are permissible beyond the legal limits otherwise prescribed. </p><p class="bodytext"> § 2<br />If any state fails to take the necessary measures to restore public safety and order, the Reich government may temporarily take over the powers of the highest state authority. </p><p class="bodytext"> § 3<br />State and local authorities must obey the orders decreed by the Reich government on the basis of § 2. </p><p class="bodytext"> § 4<br />Whoever provokes, appeals for, or incites the disobedience of the orders given out by the supreme state authorities or the authorities subject to them for the execution of this decree, or the orders given by the Reich government according to § 2, can be punished – insofar as the deed is not covered by other decrees with more severe punishments – with imprisonment of not less than one month, or with a fine from 150 to 15,000 Reichsmarks. </p><p class="bodytext"> Whoever endangers human life by violating § 1 is to be punished by sentence to a penitentiary, under mitigating circumstances with imprisonment of not less than six months and, when the violation causes the death of a person, with death, under mitigating circumstances with a penitentiary sentence of not less than two years. In addition, the sentence may include the confiscation of property. </p><p class="bodytext"> Whoever provokes or incites an act contrary to the public welfare is to be punished with a penitentiary sentence, under mitigating circumstances, with imprisonment of not less than three months. </p><p class="bodytext"> § 5<br />The crimes which under the Criminal Code are punishable with life in a penitentiary are to be punished with death: i.e., in Sections 81 (high treason), 229 (poisoning), 306 (arson), 311 (explosion), 312 (flooding), 315, paragraph 2 (damage to railways), 324 (general public endangerment through poison). </p><p class="bodytext"> Insofar as a more severe punishment has not been previously provided for, the following are punishable with death or with life imprisonment or with imprisonment not to exceed 15 years: </p><p class="bodytext"> 1. Anyone who undertakes to kill the Reich President or a member or a commissioner of the Reich government or of a state government, or provokes such a killing, or agrees to commit it, or accepts such an offer, or conspires with another for such a murder; </p><p class="bodytext"> 2. Anyone who under Section 115, paragraph 2, of the Criminal Code (serious rioting) or of Section 125, paragraph 2, of the Criminal Code (serious disturbance of the peace) commits these acts with arms or cooperates consciously and intentionally with an armed person; </p><p class="bodytext"> 3. Anyone who commits a kidnapping under Section 239 of the Criminal Code with the intention of making use of the kidnapped person as a hostage in the political struggle.</p><p class="bodytext"> § 6<br />This decree enters into force on the day of its promulgation. </p><p class="bodytext"> Berlin, 28. February 1933 </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich President von Hindenburg<br />The Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler<br />The Reich Minister of the Interior Frick<br />The Reich Minister of Justice Dr. Gürtner<br /></p><br /></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-5052342604790000882009-10-08T20:29:00.000-07:002009-10-08T20:35:41.996-07:00Rudolf Diels, Head of the Prussian Political Police, on the Reichstag Fire of February 27, 1933 (Retrospective Account, 1949)<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="bodytext">In preparation for the Reichstag elections of March 3, 1933 (which were supposed to pave the way for the legal establishment of the Nazi dictatorship</span><span class="bodytext">), Hitler ordered the near-complete elimination of the political opposition, especially his fiercest ideological opponents, the Communists. He was helped in this by the German population's general anti-Bolshevist sentiments, which he systematically stoked during the election campaign. With the appointment of <a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=2262&language=english">Hermann Göring</a> as acting Prussian Minister of the Interior, Hitler gained control over the police force of that state, and he used this power to persecute Communists, Social Democrats, and other political opponents. He justified his actions by alleging that these groups were engaged in treasonous activities. For example, the Nazis claimed that their search of the Karl Liebknecht House in Berlin on February 24, 1933, had yielded evidence of plans for an imminent Communist revoluti</span><span class="bodytext">on. Given the skeptical stance of the public toward such pronouncements, it was a fortuitous coincidence that the police were able to arrest the mentally unstable Dutch Communist Marinus van der Lubbe (1909-1934) outside the burning Reichstag on February 27, 1933. His subsequent trial produced no evidence of a Communist conspiracy. But the following account by Rudolf Diels (1900-1957), head of the Prussian political police, makes clear that the Nazi leadership was determined to present the <a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1876&language=english">Reichstag fire</a> as incontrovertible evidence of a Communist plot and to use it as a pretext for eliminating the</span><span class="bodytext"> political opposition once and for all. <p class="bodytext"> The following excerpt was originally published in Diels’s 1949 autobiography, a rich source of information on the early phase of the Nazi dictatorship. On account of its apologetic tone, however, the autobiography should be approached critically.</p><p class="bodytext"><span><span class="bodytext"><span><span class="bodytext"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlsHyHc_MNNacksMmX5McDUzUN8M2FuZp9rVYsUKTTOQ7EKRpHkkDHrAb_iD3gy0VhKP4XK6yCkzmJzd4sp5DijdR7dhy04AZKaspov7cQbF2Zz7BePZN3kjK4pUFLi2hH_WXHPdTIffbk/s1600-h/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K0108-0501-003,_Rudolf_Diels.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 283px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlsHyHc_MNNacksMmX5McDUzUN8M2FuZp9rVYsUKTTOQ7EKRpHkkDHrAb_iD3gy0VhKP4XK6yCkzmJzd4sp5DijdR7dhy04AZKaspov7cQbF2Zz7BePZN3kjK4pUFLi2hH_WXHPdTIffbk/s400/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K0108-0501-003,_Rudolf_Diels.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5390438363956654322" border="0" /></a></span></span></span></span></p></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="bodytext"><p class="bodytext">Rudolf Diels</p></span></div><span class="bodytext"><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext">[ . . . ]</span></p><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext">When I pushed my way into the burning building with [my old colleague] Schneider, we had to climb over the bulging hoses of the Berlin fire brigade, although, as yet, there were few onlookers. A few officers of my department were already engaged in interrogating Marinus van der Lubbe. Naked from the waist upwards, smeared with dirt and sweating, he sat in front of them, breathing heavily. He panted as if he had completed a tremendous task. There was a wild triumphant gleam in the burning eyes of his pale, haggard young face. I sat opposite him in the police headquarters several times that night and listened to his confused stories. I read the Communist pamphlets he carried in his trouser pockets. They were of the kind which in those days were publicly distributed everywhere. And from the primitive hieroglyphics of his diary I tried to follow his trips down to the Balkans. <p class="bodytext"> The voluntary confessions of Marinus van der Lubbe prevented me from thinking that an arsonist who was such an expert in his folly needed any helpers. Why should not a single match be enough to set fire to the cold yet inflammable splendour of the Chamber, the old upholstered furniture, the heavy curtains, and the bone-dry wooden panelling! But this specialist had used a whole knapsack full of inflammable material. He had been so active that he had laid several dozen fires. With a firelighter, the 'Industrious Housewife', he had set the Chamber aflame. Then he had rushed through the big corridors with his burning shirt which he brandished in his right hand like a torch to lay more fires under the old leather sofas. During this hectic activity he was overpowered by Reichstag officials. </p><p class="bodytext"> He also confessed to several smaller arson attacks in Berlin, the mysterious cause of which had aroused the attention of the Criminal Investigation Department. Several details suggested that Communist arsonists who had helped him in Neukölln and the Berlin Town Hall might have helped him with the Reichstag. The interrogating officers had pointed their investigations in this direction. But meanwhile things of a quite different nature had happened. </p><p class="bodytext"> Shortly after my arrival in the burning Reichstag, the National Socialist elite had arrived. Hitler and Goebbels had driven up in their large cars; Göring, Frick and Helldorf arrived; Daluege, the police chief, was not there. </p><p class="bodytext"> One of Hitler's chief adjutants came to look for me in the maze of corridors, now alive with the fire brigade and the police. He passed me Göring's order to appear in the select circle. On a balcony jutting out into the Chamber, Hitler and his trusty followers were assembled. Hitler stood leaning his arms on the stone parapet of the balcony and stared silently into the red sea of flames. The first hysterics were already over. As I entered, Göring came towards me. His voice was heavy with the emotion of the dramatic moment: 'This is the beginning of the Communist revolt, they will start their attack now! Not a moment must be lost!' </p><p class="bodytext"> Göring could not continue. Hitler turned to the assembled company. Now I saw that his face was purple with agitation and with the heat gathering in the dome. He shouted uncontrollably, as I had never seen him do before, as if he was going to burst: 'There will be no mercy now. Anyone who stands in our way will be cut down. The German people will not tolerate leniency. Every Communist official will be shot where he is found. The Communist deputies must be hanged this very night. Everybody in league with the Communists must be arrested. There will no longer be any leniency for Social Democrats either.'<br /></p></span></p></span><p class="bodytext">I reported on the results of the first interrogations of Marinus van der Lubbe–that in my opinion he was a maniac. But with this opinion I had come to the wrong man; Hitler ridiculed my childish view: 'That is something really cunning, prepared a long time ago. The criminals have thought all this out beautifully; but they've miscalculated, haven't they, Comrades! These gangsters have no idea to what extent the people are on our side. They don't hear the rejoicing of the crowds in their rat holes, from which they now want to emerge', and so it went on. </p><p class="bodytext"> I pulled Göring aside; but he did not let me start. 'Police on an emergency footing; shoot to kill; and any other emergency regulations which might be appropriate in such a case.' I said again that a police radio message would be sent to all police stations in his name, putting the police in a state of alert and ordering the arrest of those Communist officials whose imprisonment had been intended for some time in the event of a ban on the Party. Göring was not listening: 'No Communist and no Social Democrat traitor must be allowed to escape us' were his last words. When I met Schneider again I tried to collect my thoughts: </p><p class="bodytext"> 'This is a mad-house, Schneider, but apart from that the time has come: all Communist and Social Democrat officials are to be arrested, big raids, a state of alert and all that goes with it!' </p><p class="bodytext"> Schneider forgot the Social Democrats when he passed on Göring's order as a radio message. When I returned to the 'Alex' after midnight it was buzzing like a beehive. The alerted operational battalions of the police stood lined up in long rows in the entrance drives with steel helmets and rifles. While squad vans arrived and whole troops of detectives with registers prepared many years before jumped on the ramps, joined by uniformed officers, the first cars were arriving back at the entrance of the building with dazed prisoners who had been woken up from their sleep.<br /></p><p class="bodytext">[ . . . ] </p><span class="bodytext"><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext"></span></p></span></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-81491541756218021062009-10-08T20:15:00.000-07:002009-10-08T20:24:55.003-07:00Georg von Schnitzler on Hitler’s Appeal to Leading German Industrialists on February 20, 1933 (Affidavit, November 10, 1945)<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="bodytext">Hitler did not intend to share his power with coalition partners. After the dissolution of the Reichstag, he hoped to win an absolute majority for the NSD</span><span class="bodytext">AP with a massive election campaign. To finance the electoral battle, he sought support from Germany’s leading industrialists. In a meeting held on February 20, 1933, Hitler and Hermann Göring (1893-1946) explained the benefits that industry leaders would derive from an NSDAP victory: political stability, the complete elimination of the Communist threat and, not least, a lucrative rearmament policy.<p class="bodytext"> </p><p class="bodytext"> Among those present at the meeting was George von Schnitzler, a board member of I.G. Farben, then the world’s largest chemical conglomerate. (I.G. Farben would eventually go on to produce the <a href="http://www.germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1977&language=english"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Zyklon B</span> </a> gas used in Nazi death camps). In the following affidavit, given in English on November 10, 1945, Schnitzler describes the purpose of the meeting and provides the names of others in attendance that day. </p><p class="bodytext"> Schnitzler, who in his later capacity as Chairman of the company’s Chemical Committee [<i>Chemikalienausschuss</i>] was responsible for exploiting the Polish and French chemical industries, was sentenced to a five-year prison term at the I.G. Farben Trial of 1947-48. He was released after one year, however.</p><p class="bodytext"><span><span class="bodytext"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUhnjfkxJNgPMYwVR9cQRa5OijmKGm2hLxOshHnPVmAioNNiqLxRMhjYmTkCceWjfkyM27yyc3qlMSm-7fHh2gg5_nzBXO2LkSfV-3JuDaofb1jBV15xeWOYFHdfcmE-Ne3JeFl9mxUgaj/s1600-h/e8d4bdb0f2e315af_large.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 318px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUhnjfkxJNgPMYwVR9cQRa5OijmKGm2hLxOshHnPVmAioNNiqLxRMhjYmTkCceWjfkyM27yyc3qlMSm-7fHh2gg5_nzBXO2LkSfV-3JuDaofb1jBV15xeWOYFHdfcmE-Ne3JeFl9mxUgaj/s400/e8d4bdb0f2e315af_large.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5390435571951118914" border="0" /></a></span></span></p></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext"><b>Georg von Schnitzler</b> </span></span><br /></div><span class="bodytext"><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext"><b>Affidavit of Georg von Schnitzler</b><br /><br />I, Georg von Schnitzler, a member of the Vorstand of I.G. Farben, make the following deposition under oath: <p class="bodytext"> At the end of February 1933, 4 members of the Vorstand of I.G. Farben including Dr. Bosch, the head of the Vorstand, and myself were asked by the office of the president of the Reichstag to attend a meeting in his house. The purpose of which was not given. I do not remember the two other colleagues of mine who were also invited. I believe the invitation reached me during one of my business trips to Berlin. I went to the meeting which was attended by about 20 persons who I believe were mostly leading industrialists from the Ruhr. </p><p class="bodytext"> Among those present I remember: </p><p class="bodytext"> Dr. Schacht, who at that time was not yet head of the Reichsbank again and not yet Minister of Economics. </p><p class="bodytext"> Krupp von Bohlen, who in the beginning of 1933 presided the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie which later on was changed in the semi-official organization "Reichsgruppe Industrie". </p><p class="bodytext"> Dr. Albert Vogler, the leading man of the Vereinigte Stahlwerke. </p><p class="bodytext"> Von Lowenfeld from an industrial work in Essen. </p><p class="bodytext"> Dr. Stein, head of the Gewerkschaft Auguste Victoria, a mine which belongs to the I.G. Dr. Stein was an active member of the Deutsche Volkspartei. </p><p class="bodytext"> I remember that Dr. Schacht acted as a kind of host. </p><p class="bodytext"> While I had expected the appearance of Göring, Hitler entered the room, shook hands with everybody and took a seat at the top of the table. In a long speech he talked mainly about the danger of communism over which he pretended that he had just won a decisive victory.<br /></p></span></p></span><p class="bodytext">He then talked about the “Bundnis” (alliance) into which his party and the Deutsch-Nationale Volkspartei had entered. This latter party in the meantime had been reorganized by Herr von Papen. On the end he came to the point which seemed to me the purpose of the meeting. Hitler stressed the importance that the two aforementioned parties should gain the majority in the coming Reichstag election. Krupp von Bohlen thanked Hitler for his speech. After Hitler had left the room, Dr. Schacht proposed to the meeting the raising of an election fund of – as far as I remember – RM 3,000,000. The fund should be distributed between the two “Allies” according to their relative strength at the time being. Dr. Stein suggested that the Deutsche Volkspartei should be included which suggestion when I rightly remember was accepted. The amounts which the individual firms had to contribute were not discussed. </p><p class="bodytext"> I did not take part in the discussion but reported the matter the next day or the overnext to Dr. Bosch in Frankfurt who together with Geh. Rat Schmitz had reserved exclusively for themselves the handling of distribution of money to political parties, the press etc. and had made a special appoint of "Vertraulichkeit" (secrecy) in this respect. </p><p class="bodytext"> Dr. Bosch did, as far as I remember, not make any remark to my report, but shrugged his shoulders. </p><p class="bodytext"> I never heard again of the whole matter but I believe that either the buro of Göring or Schacht or the Reichsverband der deutschen Industrie had asked the office of Bosch or Schmitz for payment of I.G.'s share in the election fund. As I did not take the matter up again I not even at that time knew whether and which amount had been paid by the I.G. According to the volume of the I.G. I should estimate I.G.'s share being something like 10% of the election fund, but as far as I know there is no evidence that I.G. Farben participated in the payments. </p><p class="bodytext"> I understand the English language. </p><p class="bodytext"> <i>G. von Schnitzler</i><br /><br /></p><span class="bodytext"><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext"></span></p></span></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-42952562735491545272009-10-08T19:51:00.000-07:002009-10-08T20:26:45.982-07:00Cabinet Discussion on Budget Priorities (February 8, 1933)<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9lqoCVMwHRoXitS6kBiUhnBpufrDStvD8QT7-jr27KhqA2An_mAyvHVWmNTvRMgvCf-t1ykAV4tNmY7kUrw-oj5q3RVXTzYyrLahf1YjScZIDJVdy1-1AoEEeRAMcJ5woYJxJy3fMTogn/s1600-h/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14439,_Rede_Adolf_Hitlers_zum_Erm%C3%A4chtigungsgesetz.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 229px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9lqoCVMwHRoXitS6kBiUhnBpufrDStvD8QT7-jr27KhqA2An_mAyvHVWmNTvRMgvCf-t1ykAV4tNmY7kUrw-oj5q3RVXTzYyrLahf1YjScZIDJVdy1-1AoEEeRAMcJ5woYJxJy3fMTogn/s320/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14439,_Rede_Adolf_Hitlers_zum_Erm%C3%A4chtigungsgesetz.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5390431771347947586" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="bodytext">After being named Reich Chancellor on January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was determined to put the political ideas he had formulated in 1924 in <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1874&language=english"><i>Mein Kampf</i></a> into practice. His most important goals were the racial “upbreeding” of the German people [<i>Volk</i>] and the conquest of "living space" [<i>Lebensraum</i>] in Eastern Europe, the latter of which he viewed as an urgent necessity. Since Germany was weak both economically and militarily, Hitler concentrated at first on revising the <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=2148&language=english">Versailles Treaty</a> and promoting economic recovery and the rearmament that was connected with it. Parliamentarianism and democracy as established during the Weimar Republic soon proved stumbling blocks, however, so Hitler abolished them during the first few months of his rule and replaced them with unrestricted measures that would ensure the definitive restoration of Germany’s capacity for self-defense. These measures included the <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=2325&language=english">"Reichstag Fire Decree"</a> and the <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=1496&language=english">"Enabling Act."</a> <p class="bodytext"> </p><p class="bodytext"> The minutes of the cabinet meeting of February 8, 1933, suggest that Hitler planned to subordinate all domestic and economic policy measures to his military preparations. By this time, he had already dissolved the Reichstag and issued an emergency decree limiting both freedom of the press and assembly.<br /></p><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Extract from the Minutes of the Conference of Ministers, Held at the Reich Chancellery, on February 8, 1933</span><br /><br /><br />The Reich Minister of Transport [Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach] [ . . . ] proposed that 2.5 million reichsmarks be appropriated in the budget of the Ministry of Transport for 1933 as a first installment for the construction of a reservoir on the Malapane [River] near Turawa [in Upper Silesia]. <p class="bodytext"> </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Minister of Finance replied that it would be very difficult for the Reich Cabinet to decide at this time whether the approval of these funds would be justified from the point of view of the total budget. </p><p class="bodytext"> [ . . . ] </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Chancellor stated that in judging the request by the Minister of Transport, another decisive consideration had to be taken into account. Germany was now negotiating with foreign countries about her military equality of rights. The recognition of a theoretical equality of rights was sure to follow in the very near future. But Germany could not content herself with that. This theoretical recognition must be followed by practical equality of rights, i.e., by German rearmament. The world, especially France, was entirely prepared for German rearmament and regarded it as a matter of course. The next five years in Germany had to be devoted to rendering the German people capable of bearing arms once again [<i>Wiederwehrhaftmachung</i>]. Every publicly sponsored measure to create employment had to be considered from the point of view of whether it was necessary with respect to rendering the German people capable of bearing arms for military service. This had to be the dominant thought, always and everywhere. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Minister of Labor supported these statements of the Reich Chancellor, but said that besides the purely military tasks there was also other economically valuable work that ought not to be neglected. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Minister of Transport pointed out that the development of German waterways was also a military necessity. In case of an emergency, the entire German traffic system had to be in order, and this included the operation of the waterways.<br /></p></span></p></span><p class="bodytext">The Reich Commissioner for Air felt he had to emphasize on the other hand that the improvement of the German highway system was even more important. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reichswehr Minister expressed the point of view that in the first place the immediate needs of the Army had to be considered. The German Army was disarmed to such an extent that the foremost necessary was to provide the material foundation for armaments. Only after the emergency armament had been completed would it be possible to tackle larger tasks. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Chancellor again stressed that for the next 4-5 years the main principle must be: everything for the armed forces. Germany's position in the world was decisively dependent upon the position of the German armed forces. The position of the German economy in the world was also dependent on that. </p><p class="bodytext"> The Reich Cabinet decided to have the total budget for 1933 submitted first, then to examine what could be done especially for the armed forces, and finally to see what funds were left for the development of the waterways, especially for the building of a reservoir in Upper Silesia, now under discussion.<br /><br /></p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="bodytext"><p class="bodytext"><span class="bodytext"></span></p></span></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-74076737936018826102009-09-12T06:36:00.000-07:002009-09-15T07:09:03.075-07:00Layar dari Kejatan Perang<div style="text-align: justify;">Kejahatan dalam Perang Dunia II, bukan hanya milik Jerman semata. Berikut ini photo-photo yang menunjukkan apa yang telah dilakukan Sekutu, khususnya Soviet terhadap para sipil Jerman :<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE9RZ2z6aizYaBVc8mHjY8Tf-8rzs3-hoRopqePW7VsBrcmZj4gWv6V8tQWZEsfQcvEFg_W1AMEwZgoh37Bn2u4BhgSDTHZuF39YF-hf46GlKJLjZkhLFjeVZtvWKtnXDvkNSXtfD91y6_/s1600-h/6008_1114602260694_1096058304_30327555_4105519_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 270px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE9RZ2z6aizYaBVc8mHjY8Tf-8rzs3-hoRopqePW7VsBrcmZj4gWv6V8tQWZEsfQcvEFg_W1AMEwZgoh37Bn2u4BhgSDTHZuF39YF-hf46GlKJLjZkhLFjeVZtvWKtnXDvkNSXtfD91y6_/s400/6008_1114602260694_1096058304_30327555_4105519_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380574881201504498" border="0" /></a>Foto ini menunjukkan salah satu dari 34 prajurit jerman yang merupakan bagian dari Divisi ke-9 Panzer SS "Hohenstaufen" yang ditangkap oleh Tentara Merah pada April 1944 di desa Kalasantovka, Ukraina. Mayat yang terpotong-potong ini ditemukan oleh sesama rekan mereka pada saat Tentara Jerman melakukan Counter-Attack di dekat Ternopil. Seorang saksi mata Jerman mengatakan : "Itu bukan cara bertindak seorang perajurit. Tangan dan kaki mayat tersebut diikat dengan tali pinggang si mayat sendiri. Sebagian celana panjang nya ditarik ke bawah dan alat kelamin terputus. Mata yang ditusuk, telinga dan lidahnya dipotong. Selanjutnya mereka juga menghujamkan Bayonet ke perut dari sisi bawah kelaminnya. Kalung Penanda (Dogtags) dan Identitas lainnya yang melekat dibadannya dihilangkan agar tidak dapat diidentifikasi. Untungnya kebanyakan diantara mereka mempunyai penanda nama yang dijahitkan pada bagian dalam potongan seragam mereka, dengan begitu daftar korban dapat diidentifikasi lebih lanjut. Namun daftar ini hilang di kemudian hari sehingga ke-34 tentara ini dianggap sebagai "Hilang Dalam Aksi" (MIA).<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFihqPRDJ3Z2a9BTEz4Yrnu-Hw_GArwrQZjfmnl33poA3k7F_kkTFtE1prmwWLZ-QBQFaQgWJktly7qiBQ96cYaEEg-Vyh6hgWfSFmDkc_Fb5tz4jUyInMjZhmJwsbXDitQu7ArIdD5fvT/s1600-h/6120_1097198311058_1259615916_30237811_333965_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 258px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFihqPRDJ3Z2a9BTEz4Yrnu-Hw_GArwrQZjfmnl33poA3k7F_kkTFtE1prmwWLZ-QBQFaQgWJktly7qiBQ96cYaEEg-Vyh6hgWfSFmDkc_Fb5tz4jUyInMjZhmJwsbXDitQu7ArIdD5fvT/s400/6120_1097198311058_1259615916_30237811_333965_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380578920393709522" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Kota Postoloprty, Republik Ceko : 736 sipil yang diantara Wanita dan para orang tua dibantai secara sadis oleh Tentara Rakyat Cekoslowakia antara 28-30. Mei 1945.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKEsHc5J4shRLG2DBiu6nUJ0sDSUro6YgNl5SWMN57KZJKJeLrdDHXgeT1fcJRMerc7XwkyDtxq9X1oddVyrTEBpze24hyphenhyphen1P28cvu8xMyqBH1G61asJZ7btbGTeXKu8O_e8pNhTEMmH2uw/s1600-h/6120_1097187790795_1259615916_30237795_4138024_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 297px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKEsHc5J4shRLG2DBiu6nUJ0sDSUro6YgNl5SWMN57KZJKJeLrdDHXgeT1fcJRMerc7XwkyDtxq9X1oddVyrTEBpze24hyphenhyphen1P28cvu8xMyqBH1G61asJZ7btbGTeXKu8O_e8pNhTEMmH2uw/s400/6120_1097187790795_1259615916_30237795_4138024_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380582243261111938" border="0" /></a>Pembalasan oleh Ceko ; Balasa dendam memang perbuatan yang membabi buta, coba lihat gadis muda yang malang dengan coretan Hakenkreuz (Swastika) di wajah, dan anda perhatikan juga wanita tua yang sedang membelakangi wanita muda yg didepannya dengan logo yang sama di bagian belakang badan orang tua. Propaganda ini ditujukan untuk tentara Jerman yang telah terusir dari tanah Ceko.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqbMVlSkJbdH9EMjUkJS-5VwkuAuGx_aSXvnbINaBC5PQkcvLRSQx0LA-ct-nBD0isKDep4Z0v07PuM_d6WW4CKDYun9oSA2FrsvkZ0oVzNIDwQ7L9OJ0B6A2pHVDjUBTZg-rDaPHqWzL/s1600-h/6120_1097187670792_1259615916_30237792_7908854_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 289px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqbMVlSkJbdH9EMjUkJS-5VwkuAuGx_aSXvnbINaBC5PQkcvLRSQx0LA-ct-nBD0isKDep4Z0v07PuM_d6WW4CKDYun9oSA2FrsvkZ0oVzNIDwQ7L9OJ0B6A2pHVDjUBTZg-rDaPHqWzL/s400/6120_1097187670792_1259615916_30237792_7908854_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380585662914545586" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: justify;">Salah satu kekejaman terbesar yang dilakukan oleh Ceko dalam Usti nad Labem (Pembantaian di Usti (sebuah kota di Ceko), 31 Juli 1945). Hari itu, sebuah tenda amunisi di Usti meledak dan menewaskan kira-kira sekitar 27 orang. Meskipun tak ada yang mengetahui alasan sebenarnya, tetap mereka mempersalahkan orang Jerman yang berada di Ceko. Sangat mudah untuk menemukan mereka, (maksudnya Orang Jerman) karena mereka mempunyai seperti ; memakai seragam putih yang mempunyai "tanda dipergelangan tangan" dengan huruf N. Dalam suatu tindakan balas dendam tersebut , 80 s/d 100 warga Jerman tewas dalam satu hari dengan cara digantung, dilemparkan dari jembatan ke sungai atau menembak, dan kekejaman yang lainnya.<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCbZnLE1jjVQuenSbEbkjfgL2MZlUEdtSXyWL_zi5y3DSSMa30BvnAIpFFHvXHiD0tgYjOueVZ6QPnS_Ihv4Gw4q245CuUsTJXUfbTLDrb3GDxchp8jvjjKoW-kbneCT01EufHGBvEyx1J/s1600-h/6008_1111856552053_1096058304_30319601_2072451_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 279px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCbZnLE1jjVQuenSbEbkjfgL2MZlUEdtSXyWL_zi5y3DSSMa30BvnAIpFFHvXHiD0tgYjOueVZ6QPnS_Ihv4Gw4q245CuUsTJXUfbTLDrb3GDxchp8jvjjKoW-kbneCT01EufHGBvEyx1J/s400/6008_1111856552053_1096058304_30319601_2072451_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380592344612312018" border="0" /></a>Gottfried K. Bauer dari desa di perbatasan Jerman-Ceko di Bohemia.<br />Hartanya telah dicuri darinya oleh Ceko Partisan, yang milik keluarganya sejak 1607.<br /><br />oleh : Herbert Smagon<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2wzxBjrzYcM_vZB5jG2P2vteg-P4ePHR71eYY58N6tAwRl5tA-1Y8Mx6KaYe-p8HymysrKyyW0MEZWZM5FRSBTy6dW1BzFXsv5uspHaCvq03PXJoKdQ5OYo4-AM4sHxyXnpsWP5o6YGw3/s1600-h/6008_1111855672031_1096058304_30319599_2967393_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 306px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2wzxBjrzYcM_vZB5jG2P2vteg-P4ePHR71eYY58N6tAwRl5tA-1Y8Mx6KaYe-p8HymysrKyyW0MEZWZM5FRSBTy6dW1BzFXsv5uspHaCvq03PXJoKdQ5OYo4-AM4sHxyXnpsWP5o6YGw3/s400/6008_1111855672031_1096058304_30319599_2967393_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381346213486676354" border="0" /></a><div id="result_box" dir="ltr">Marianne H. umur 9 tahun dari Jerman-Bohemia<br />Seorang korban dari pengusiran dari Jerman oleh Ceko<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT8b6j8c193rWOtSPHwspGaScbRYloO-XBj6tnu6GtZ8I8o4IAksyhSlna7HlFYG2I6vCfNg_31HXoiueBaSOq4ZuD57vYCeP7sueKJyNBC8C-cdmRNmokXAI8jA7Go8zg5M2NZu8mxPY9/s1600-h/6008_1111855312022_1096058304_30319597_1976723_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 301px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT8b6j8c193rWOtSPHwspGaScbRYloO-XBj6tnu6GtZ8I8o4IAksyhSlna7HlFYG2I6vCfNg_31HXoiueBaSOq4ZuD57vYCeP7sueKJyNBC8C-cdmRNmokXAI8jA7Go8zg5M2NZu8mxPY9/s400/6008_1111855312022_1096058304_30319597_1976723_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381347277201292866" border="0" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Hans, umurnya sekitar 10 tahunan, dia telah terpisah dari keluarganya pada saat eksodus warga Jerman, menurut sumber (sumber yang gak diketahui), badannya mempunyai tanda-tanda pelecehan. dia tidak dapat lagi berbicara, karena shock akibat mentalnya terganggu.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy74b0F4Vw5ehCZC77z-Hc_LrQGXpeVgqe0PoA6DkM7oABalTweb13-y25lGdJ6g-lrAHmN_bOHlPSazYZR4sOx0rYSD8TaY0qruX55MNNhaIMIOSXeTpk5Nee1T07VTPHB8BTUH5ITz2O/s1600-h/6008_1111854472001_1096058304_30319594_7908316_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 305px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy74b0F4Vw5ehCZC77z-Hc_LrQGXpeVgqe0PoA6DkM7oABalTweb13-y25lGdJ6g-lrAHmN_bOHlPSazYZR4sOx0rYSD8TaY0qruX55MNNhaIMIOSXeTpk5Nee1T07VTPHB8BTUH5ITz2O/s400/6008_1111854472001_1096058304_30319594_7908316_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381349148431556658" border="0" /></a>Gretel W. umur 12 tahun<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> Satu-satunya yang selamat dari anggota keluarganya yang tewas dari senapan mesin yang ditembak oleh pesawat tempur Amerika yang pada saat itu terbang rendah, disaat mereka melarikan diri dari kejaran Tentara Merah.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhej5vPzYpPd3WyucSTzkAwCMeJfb1G_Z1uGqC4ugt9T3ZrBSbpcZEC0ncrjE15n0e1r9LMuKfBkj-AOrye-YRIprJF9VkWO5VG0JD_8E2jIt79Q3T8SJ5p8rhRYXtNpuPa8u1ee8Hf3s67/s1600-h/6008_1111853031965_1096058304_30319593_2698485_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 287px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhej5vPzYpPd3WyucSTzkAwCMeJfb1G_Z1uGqC4ugt9T3ZrBSbpcZEC0ncrjE15n0e1r9LMuKfBkj-AOrye-YRIprJF9VkWO5VG0JD_8E2jIt79Q3T8SJ5p8rhRYXtNpuPa8u1ee8Hf3s67/s400/6008_1111853031965_1096058304_30319593_2698485_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381350533418261394" border="0" /></a><div id="result_box" dir="ltr"><div style="text-align: center;">Pengepungan oleh Amerika<br /></div>Beberapa anak laki-laki Pemuda Hitler (Hitler Jugend) yang berumur 13-15 tahun sedang menangani sisa-sisa bayi yang terbakar hidup-hidup oleh serangan Bomber Amerika di sebuah rumah sakit anak-anak di Heilbronn, 4 Desember 1944.<br /><div style="text-align: center;">Oleh : Herbert Smagon<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhweNLQv_aFTnnvrTL-kemOY6AIs8Q8nRjDicYkPqXlyOqirJDqKVjAPMEEBvjJXFTSyngt5ErxpYSoXgJi0EoBA3UfYbVA6LP0M8k2RcUVgon2Vy_F2-7z1vu8x09NG19aaaYFg-EopEHG/s1600-h/6008_1111851751933_1096058304_30319589_477325_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 357px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhweNLQv_aFTnnvrTL-kemOY6AIs8Q8nRjDicYkPqXlyOqirJDqKVjAPMEEBvjJXFTSyngt5ErxpYSoXgJi0EoBA3UfYbVA6LP0M8k2RcUVgon2Vy_F2-7z1vu8x09NG19aaaYFg-EopEHG/s400/6008_1111851751933_1096058304_30319589_477325_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381688003796200050" border="0" /></a>Setelah diperkosa dan dilecehan, seorang perawat Jerman berusia kira-kira 19 tahun dilemparkan oleh Tentara Rusia dari truk yang sedang melaju, Praha.<br />oleh : Herbert Smagon<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBnUNPmPMHz6ehuVUOvXDgKVKkDznQxMMHtynODdeD_69vEQNQ17mNhJNRDNOLfI8Tf7ZspdkciUeg2Fj_oJ7mI17tB6Mkk42cWSrb6ER1iYr6JM8ac10AvzeZ1atYGrNDhcjFvx9seF6r/s1600-h/6008_1111850751908_1096058304_30319587_1162068_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 371px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBnUNPmPMHz6ehuVUOvXDgKVKkDznQxMMHtynODdeD_69vEQNQ17mNhJNRDNOLfI8Tf7ZspdkciUeg2Fj_oJ7mI17tB6Mkk42cWSrb6ER1iYr6JM8ac10AvzeZ1atYGrNDhcjFvx9seF6r/s400/6008_1111850751908_1096058304_30319587_1162068_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381352975385924290" border="0" /></a>Tentara Anak2 Jerman yang sedang berjuang di Breslau menghadapi Pasukan Soviet<br />Oleh : Herbert Smagon<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgySA1H1Llvq3VmsdpP_Jxs9vj9AX3GfY-s46amnakJGIgKnf4GZuWc4bAKXaRqll5-nyAjBQ-gnWJb9wLgKHEvwEf8OufQUSDNWSx3cZmTcr2qERjdwhAX7AEBBnHHDvihip9J3e17wdea/s1600-h/6120_1093606341261_1259615916_30228570_1310056_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 349px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgySA1H1Llvq3VmsdpP_Jxs9vj9AX3GfY-s46amnakJGIgKnf4GZuWc4bAKXaRqll5-nyAjBQ-gnWJb9wLgKHEvwEf8OufQUSDNWSx3cZmTcr2qERjdwhAX7AEBBnHHDvihip9J3e17wdea/s400/6120_1093606341261_1259615916_30228570_1310056_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381353806832187282" border="0" /></a>Transaksi Pasar Gelap yang sedang berlangsung di Berlin<br />Pasca kejatuhan Berlin 1945<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWhQ4WJ2MifG9tmBE4AMLds6IAfhEtc2DDybab4Q79n9pPoyV5-jkV8kElsy2aYv-kM0ASN9gLUYCnVni9T0zK0BFfGVb2B7VOAyp72TLOVdZzUGwWyxW8LZiCaHB8i7838pWYJFHo38Yb/s1600-h/6120_1093592740921_1259615916_30228524_4889396_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 350px; height: 262px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWhQ4WJ2MifG9tmBE4AMLds6IAfhEtc2DDybab4Q79n9pPoyV5-jkV8kElsy2aYv-kM0ASN9gLUYCnVni9T0zK0BFfGVb2B7VOAyp72TLOVdZzUGwWyxW8LZiCaHB8i7838pWYJFHo38Yb/s400/6120_1093592740921_1259615916_30228524_4889396_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381354557453651666" border="0" /></a>Pasca Kejatuhan Berlin 1945<br />Lihatlah dari apa yang dilakukan tentara Soviet, menandakan<br />hukum dari sebuah kemenangan<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB29FjM0YwJ1oxjq54GNCuHsQooNIxIs1R2aZUv9Ku6rv8ZH2tAX_Lq7FgrOanAbIYRXqSNdnGRxxbuyAtV9gLJNVeQdXksaum1FQeOYumCeu_2Vj4qAgdxAEmWxLl6iPTp6Pzn_9i7IuH/s1600-h/6120_1093591180882_1259615916_30228522_3003555_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 350px; height: 312px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB29FjM0YwJ1oxjq54GNCuHsQooNIxIs1R2aZUv9Ku6rv8ZH2tAX_Lq7FgrOanAbIYRXqSNdnGRxxbuyAtV9gLJNVeQdXksaum1FQeOYumCeu_2Vj4qAgdxAEmWxLl6iPTp6Pzn_9i7IuH/s400/6120_1093591180882_1259615916_30228522_3003555_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381356654909327010" border="0" /></a>Pasca Kejatuhan Berlin 1945<br />hukum dari seorang Pemenang<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFUs2pVs21BKvcm0_hJqAP1k0eSSlm1xMS45qnEJVhn2wkUcFUorYzqbBw8_qzRiy492LzNfYxXeFdWTjGpXlhSKa3L4VmiXnMx_FjUWl2mCzdgZcEpvGMzFpLxrwSLBhaho1NCC3uHm91/s1600-h/6120_1093592780922_1259615916_30228525_2641925_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 207px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFUs2pVs21BKvcm0_hJqAP1k0eSSlm1xMS45qnEJVhn2wkUcFUorYzqbBw8_qzRiy492LzNfYxXeFdWTjGpXlhSKa3L4VmiXnMx_FjUWl2mCzdgZcEpvGMzFpLxrwSLBhaho1NCC3uHm91/s400/6120_1093592780922_1259615916_30228525_2641925_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381355963634733682" border="0" /></a>Kehancuran Berlin 1945 (Apocalypse Now)<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Wcv1h03LvDkYkAYiexbu1WuSAC8VtzPBxHklby31NnmNEVVxcpsr45faT4AyplUVA2AJ8qyNmVh772liFqPd8oT0Cx5Jv7lsRV_zE4Pg3mLTWDTq3sfwI4i0vmGMXIInuCMbfRXWGGt8/s1600-h/6008_1109585775285_1096058304_30313296_4795358_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 282px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Wcv1h03LvDkYkAYiexbu1WuSAC8VtzPBxHklby31NnmNEVVxcpsr45faT4AyplUVA2AJ8qyNmVh772liFqPd8oT0Cx5Jv7lsRV_zE4Pg3mLTWDTq3sfwI4i0vmGMXIInuCMbfRXWGGt8/s400/6008_1109585775285_1096058304_30313296_4795358_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381357552370577794" border="0" /></a>Seorang wanita melintas sambil menutup hidungnya diantara<br />kumpulan korban yang bergelimpangan oleh Bomber Sekutu<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMEPGTca1jBPDukpnstzyrWu-i9DXVyfAGLpGgiMTstdsSaBIHmBlDeTSNQuM6dLMRIWcoknyWTzKGMhhE-byP5ZmweaHWPXgr-IbRLqOLl0YeKIowRDLQMd9IQ6K8uVjjzDwNtMCNju3Z/s1600-h/6008_1108632551455_1096058304_30310891_4400357_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 264px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMEPGTca1jBPDukpnstzyrWu-i9DXVyfAGLpGgiMTstdsSaBIHmBlDeTSNQuM6dLMRIWcoknyWTzKGMhhE-byP5ZmweaHWPXgr-IbRLqOLl0YeKIowRDLQMd9IQ6K8uVjjzDwNtMCNju3Z/s400/6008_1108632551455_1096058304_30310891_4400357_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381358599403260818" border="0" /></a>Para pengungsi Jerman perjalanan di atas padang es (rupanya, Frisches Haff laguna), pada tahun 1945. Pengungsi Jerman melarikan diri melalui dataran laut yang beku di Laguna, dalam keputus asaan untuk mencapai Gotenhafen lalu pembom Soviet menjatuhkan bom disekitar dataran tersebut untuk mencegah pengungsian mereka, beberapa anak-anak dan perempuan tewas dalam kejadian tersebut. Latar di depan : Kuda yang telah mati.<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5T1rdjCjProa5Cxb-SrojPTrMGzsZWVQJgJihWexeTkaNlrG5VZr10JemvJfsP8rwhxyQ0fB3HE9FjWroT-y25hrS6ibccjF75x7ZpgjCwuSAAzgYW_g1p5h4b9hTrjt4n0Ac0G4MIhtX/s1600-h/6008_1107240116645_1096058304_30307350_821706_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 297px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5T1rdjCjProa5Cxb-SrojPTrMGzsZWVQJgJihWexeTkaNlrG5VZr10JemvJfsP8rwhxyQ0fB3HE9FjWroT-y25hrS6ibccjF75x7ZpgjCwuSAAzgYW_g1p5h4b9hTrjt4n0Ac0G4MIhtX/s400/6008_1107240116645_1096058304_30307350_821706_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381361608391386834" border="0" /></a>Le Havre (Kota di Perancis) dibom dengan bom fosfor (bom yang dijatuhkan Israel ke Gaza) oleh Bomber Amerika, ratusan warga sipil tewas karena bom tersebut yang sebenarnya ditargetkan sekutu untuk membom pelabuhan kapal cepat Jerman.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-0gKzdRkKKlq14Al61fiIjsBWJY5LH_NKzZmNusGY93btwSUY1Yh2aTJwJ4-juYic8o1lDcZPT8By2035SwXm_BXDGqyrlEsi2a7m4egKlBH8eSDc0g1j5n0aPa5bN-8TLllSLuvBG3BH/s1600-h/5568_1106205570782_1096058304_30304249_8009586_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 295px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-0gKzdRkKKlq14Al61fiIjsBWJY5LH_NKzZmNusGY93btwSUY1Yh2aTJwJ4-juYic8o1lDcZPT8By2035SwXm_BXDGqyrlEsi2a7m4egKlBH8eSDc0g1j5n0aPa5bN-8TLllSLuvBG3BH/s400/5568_1106205570782_1096058304_30304249_8009586_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381689140649293554" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: center;" id="result_box" dir="ltr">Ruangan Pusat Pameran Berlin di Funkturm. Para korban dari serangan udara sekutu sedang diidentifikasi di ruang pameran, musim gugur 1944<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqw2e3RujrYFbqFBvzSWe9J8QS6P_eU1kfby3dkw1zP0QcsFoXtBkvGp6MoGgHpSlFL1ctIMtzLxk8O7KWHvVRugRG7yEfbfyjZi-VAaG-zFEMkQNJEb921fPaYODmDq9c9fnh3J9bdZyL/s1600-h/5568_1102652841966_1096058304_30294592_1779668_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 241px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqw2e3RujrYFbqFBvzSWe9J8QS6P_eU1kfby3dkw1zP0QcsFoXtBkvGp6MoGgHpSlFL1ctIMtzLxk8O7KWHvVRugRG7yEfbfyjZi-VAaG-zFEMkQNJEb921fPaYODmDq9c9fnh3J9bdZyL/s400/5568_1102652841966_1096058304_30294592_1779668_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381690717531422930" border="0" /></a>Mengungkap kejahatan perang Soviet oleh Jerman di hutan Katyn<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu-jbEADXzHdL6JProDJXQ2c0vloYMBLNBS6VAaGNb1QpiQNg4UjBJtqHzXgKO4FaROUDsgTDLD5Ilq8lN52Fp3uB6G1jTpN5Qrcemo2PbguoM6QmpgK0U_LQfoVihRhQF-4oo0skBuGVD/s1600-h/5568_1102652201950_1096058304_30294590_4095020_n.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 296px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu-jbEADXzHdL6JProDJXQ2c0vloYMBLNBS6VAaGNb1QpiQNg4UjBJtqHzXgKO4FaROUDsgTDLD5Ilq8lN52Fp3uB6G1jTpN5Qrcemo2PbguoM6QmpgK0U_LQfoVihRhQF-4oo0skBuGVD/s400/5568_1102652201950_1096058304_30294590_4095020_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5381692030782147506" border="0" /></a>Dua mayat perempuan dan tiga anak-anak Jerman disiksa dan dibunuh oleh kaum Bolshevik (Soviet) dan juga lihatlah 2 perempuan disebelah kanan tersebut, diperkosa juga sebelum dibunuh, di Metgethen, Prusia Timur.<br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-17637076231890680542009-09-11T06:30:00.000-07:002009-09-11T09:13:24.218-07:00Konsep Perang Kilat<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><div class="clear_left"><div style="text-align: justify;">Blitzkrieg adalah strategi perang kilat ( perang cepat ) yang dilakukan oleh Jerman saat Perang Dunia II, Gagasan dari konsep theori ini berasal dari Heinz Guderian. Saat itu Jerman dipimpin oleh Adolf Hitler bersamaan dengan Nazi berhasil menguasai sebagian wilayah Eropa dengan menggunakan strategi ini. Cara berperang ini terbukti efektif dengan berhasil dikuasainya Polandia dan Perancis oleh Jerman pada Perang Dunia II. Strategi ini amat kontras dengan strategi umum yang dilakukan dalam Perang Dunia I yang didominasi oleh perang parit.<br /></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6QLQ38YvRaGkWGUf1-p81i2V3VuE5ie4z9MTjDR6qY0TJMSnbj9OaAAIskV2tJSpeIh3QnOWqyzfr72488B_bgMlqjAtn700Foh9h83n7tSg-D9K3vJMUNmeACLmIuTZUChowswrtkTBW/s1600-h/trenches.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 239px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6QLQ38YvRaGkWGUf1-p81i2V3VuE5ie4z9MTjDR6qY0TJMSnbj9OaAAIskV2tJSpeIh3QnOWqyzfr72488B_bgMlqjAtn700Foh9h83n7tSg-D9K3vJMUNmeACLmIuTZUChowswrtkTBW/s320/trenches.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380235571386531250" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6zE9oz1Pgf4TrkuS236_cXTrjE2n9h1ow7GLf9S8SzARLmtkcqfKK-1GHyGBP9iPD5Nr61oxWBVAaJJ0MjCCKjgfwo2ADfvvWUmJo1JAXbBMmsdssRVLNwaiU_F1A2Fg7Pf1VNfwvFM9/s1600-h/somua.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8B8RexK8Kg1lysCjB6Rq0rK7J8tX229V50qmK0oHUr-LE7hyphenhyphen1ri9d71IVvd0GWdcqbz4DqX9rmLzsR6LgJemq8Y-r-GiGhcNtL9iMNmP9hM-_hk71V8Yfo6AROUoE4PL-0AvuOIM-Y2t/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw9YJ1voZgYCMLkxWWbL53reXnwYxrbAOKAzXXS18sTz25qPetg6qh3TRXaFsIEZYxOml5o8saUkmGjd4TWc1cSyI1HWfIEN0BJgZ6TuUhOKlW8_ckRtgGOZRAsGpVYo4n1_ICPNaJlAvb/s1600-h/PzKpfw_II_drawing_e.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-8iUhf5IQLZp0Hxaajrn-XolRSFuFDWcZufGZaZ-DBL-78yUVNfEKBz4Fp6oi2P8sbDwnhcWCtEcpqYMwgO__uA3E7hbRqqSZ4dbYzCy_fyQjZgjkjDfKvkXHHQONqNvOavbibRWJYH2/s1600-h/masuk+ke+poland.jpg"></a><div style="text-align: center;">Sistem Parit, gaya perang kuno<br />yang mendominasi pada Perang Dunia I<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO9ShV_5SB6dEToxKyplf9Ip565iggT9_vHpQvJ4ILbklcPEtSTucyIVdTUVaxv7it7W596Buve2-IFkWUq8lfqvAjWuFtNtLZCX-DO2yHNvQNazfrLTvR6uPLz2aUCCknCQGllxsPb2RK/s1600-h/grupstuka.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 238px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO9ShV_5SB6dEToxKyplf9Ip565iggT9_vHpQvJ4ILbklcPEtSTucyIVdTUVaxv7it7W596Buve2-IFkWUq8lfqvAjWuFtNtLZCX-DO2yHNvQNazfrLTvR6uPLz2aUCCknCQGllxsPb2RK/s320/grupstuka.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380224677514513794" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6zE9oz1Pgf4TrkuS236_cXTrjE2n9h1ow7GLf9S8SzARLmtkcqfKK-1GHyGBP9iPD5Nr61oxWBVAaJJ0MjCCKjgfwo2ADfvvWUmJo1JAXbBMmsdssRVLNwaiU_F1A2Fg7Pf1VNfwvFM9/s1600-h/somua.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8B8RexK8Kg1lysCjB6Rq0rK7J8tX229V50qmK0oHUr-LE7hyphenhyphen1ri9d71IVvd0GWdcqbz4DqX9rmLzsR6LgJemq8Y-r-GiGhcNtL9iMNmP9hM-_hk71V8Yfo6AROUoE4PL-0AvuOIM-Y2t/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw9YJ1voZgYCMLkxWWbL53reXnwYxrbAOKAzXXS18sTz25qPetg6qh3TRXaFsIEZYxOml5o8saUkmGjd4TWc1cSyI1HWfIEN0BJgZ6TuUhOKlW8_ckRtgGOZRAsGpVYo4n1_ICPNaJlAvb/s1600-h/PzKpfw_II_drawing_e.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-8iUhf5IQLZp0Hxaajrn-XolRSFuFDWcZufGZaZ-DBL-78yUVNfEKBz4Fp6oi2P8sbDwnhcWCtEcpqYMwgO__uA3E7hbRqqSZ4dbYzCy_fyQjZgjkjDfKvkXHHQONqNvOavbibRWJYH2/s1600-h/masuk+ke+poland.jpg"></a></div></div><div class="clear_center"><div style="text-align: center;"> Grup Pembom Stuka, Ujung Tombak di Angkasa<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8B8RexK8Kg1lysCjB6Rq0rK7J8tX229V50qmK0oHUr-LE7hyphenhyphen1ri9d71IVvd0GWdcqbz4DqX9rmLzsR6LgJemq8Y-r-GiGhcNtL9iMNmP9hM-_hk71V8Yfo6AROUoE4PL-0AvuOIM-Y2t/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6zE9oz1Pgf4TrkuS236_cXTrjE2n9h1ow7GLf9S8SzARLmtkcqfKK-1GHyGBP9iPD5Nr61oxWBVAaJJ0MjCCKjgfwo2ADfvvWUmJo1JAXbBMmsdssRVLNwaiU_F1A2Fg7Pf1VNfwvFM9/s1600-h/somua.jpg"></a><div style="text-align: left;"><br />Ada beberapa konsep didalam strategi blitzkrieg atau perang kilat in<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw9YJ1voZgYCMLkxWWbL53reXnwYxrbAOKAzXXS18sTz25qPetg6qh3TRXaFsIEZYxOml5o8saUkmGjd4TWc1cSyI1HWfIEN0BJgZ6TuUhOKlW8_ckRtgGOZRAsGpVYo4n1_ICPNaJlAvb/s1600-h/PzKpfw_II_drawing_e.jpg"></a>i, yaitu:<br /></div></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">1. Angkatan udara menyerang garis depan dan posisi samping musuh, jalan utama, bandar udara dan pusat komunikasi. Pada waktu yang bersamaan infantri menyerang seluruh garis pertahanan (atau setidaknya pada tempat-tempat penting) dan juga menyerang musuh. Cara ini akan mengendalikan musuh untuk mengetahui kekuatan utama yang akan menyerang mereka sehingga cara ini akan membuat pihak musuh kesulitan untuk membuat strategi pertahanan.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw9YJ1voZgYCMLkxWWbL53reXnwYxrbAOKAzXXS18sTz25qPetg6qh3TRXaFsIEZYxOml5o8saUkmGjd4TWc1cSyI1HWfIEN0BJgZ6TuUhOKlW8_ckRtgGOZRAsGpVYo4n1_ICPNaJlAvb/s1600-h/PzKpfw_II_drawing_e.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 253px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw9YJ1voZgYCMLkxWWbL53reXnwYxrbAOKAzXXS18sTz25qPetg6qh3TRXaFsIEZYxOml5o8saUkmGjd4TWc1cSyI1HWfIEN0BJgZ6TuUhOKlW8_ckRtgGOZRAsGpVYo4n1_ICPNaJlAvb/s320/PzKpfw_II_drawing_e.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380225847835239170" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6zE9oz1Pgf4TrkuS236_cXTrjE2n9h1ow7GLf9S8SzARLmtkcqfKK-1GHyGBP9iPD5Nr61oxWBVAaJJ0MjCCKjgfwo2ADfvvWUmJo1JAXbBMmsdssRVLNwaiU_F1A2Fg7Pf1VNfwvFM9/s1600-h/somua.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8B8RexK8Kg1lysCjB6Rq0rK7J8tX229V50qmK0oHUr-LE7hyphenhyphen1ri9d71IVvd0GWdcqbz4DqX9rmLzsR6LgJemq8Y-r-GiGhcNtL9iMNmP9hM-_hk71V8Yfo6AROUoE4PL-0AvuOIM-Y2t/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a>PzKfw II, element pendobrak kelas ringan<br />yang sukses dalam konsep Blitzkrieg<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">2. Memusatkan unit-unit tank untuk menghancurkan garis-garis pertahanan utama sekaligus menusuk masuk tank-tank jauh kedalam wilayah musuh, sementara unit yang sudah di mekanisasi melakukan pengejaran dan pertempuran dengan pihak musuh yang bertahan sebelum mereka sempat membuat posisi pertahanan. Infantri turut serta bertempur dengan musuh agar pihak musuh tertipu dan menjaga kekuatan musuh untuk tidak menarik diri dari pertempuran agar nantinya menghindari pihak musuh untuk membentuk pertahanan yang efektif.<br /></div><br />3. Infantri dan unit pendukung lainnya menyerang sisi musuh (enemy flank) dalam rangka melengkapi hubungan dengan kelompok lainnya sekaligus mengepung musuh dan atau menguasai posisi strategis.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-8iUhf5IQLZp0Hxaajrn-XolRSFuFDWcZufGZaZ-DBL-78yUVNfEKBz4Fp6oi2P8sbDwnhcWCtEcpqYMwgO__uA3E7hbRqqSZ4dbYzCy_fyQjZgjkjDfKvkXHHQONqNvOavbibRWJYH2/s1600-h/masuk+ke+poland.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">4. Kelompok yang sudah di mekanisasi (seperti tank) mempelopori masuk lebih dalam ke wilayah musuh untuk mengepung posisi musuh dan memparalelkan dengan sisi musuh untuk mencegah penarikan pasukan dan pihak bertahan musuh untuk mendirikan posisi bertahan yang efektif.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">5. Pasukan utama bergabung dengan pasukan yang sudah mengepung posisi musuh untuk selanjutnya menghancurkan pertahanan musuh.<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-8iUhf5IQLZp0Hxaajrn-XolRSFuFDWcZufGZaZ-DBL-78yUVNfEKBz4Fp6oi2P8sbDwnhcWCtEcpqYMwgO__uA3E7hbRqqSZ4dbYzCy_fyQjZgjkjDfKvkXHHQONqNvOavbibRWJYH2/s1600-h/masuk+ke+poland.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 218px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_-8iUhf5IQLZp0Hxaajrn-XolRSFuFDWcZufGZaZ-DBL-78yUVNfEKBz4Fp6oi2P8sbDwnhcWCtEcpqYMwgO__uA3E7hbRqqSZ4dbYzCy_fyQjZgjkjDfKvkXHHQONqNvOavbibRWJYH2/s320/masuk+ke+poland.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380225657606757778" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6zE9oz1Pgf4TrkuS236_cXTrjE2n9h1ow7GLf9S8SzARLmtkcqfKK-1GHyGBP9iPD5Nr61oxWBVAaJJ0MjCCKjgfwo2ADfvvWUmJo1JAXbBMmsdssRVLNwaiU_F1A2Fg7Pf1VNfwvFM9/s1600-h/somua.jpg"></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8B8RexK8Kg1lysCjB6Rq0rK7J8tX229V50qmK0oHUr-LE7hyphenhyphen1ri9d71IVvd0GWdcqbz4DqX9rmLzsR6LgJemq8Y-r-GiGhcNtL9iMNmP9hM-_hk71V8Yfo6AROUoE4PL-0AvuOIM-Y2t/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a>Konvoi Pasukan Jerman masuk Ke Polandia<br />setelah serangan intens selama 10 hari<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6zE9oz1Pgf4TrkuS236_cXTrjE2n9h1ow7GLf9S8SzARLmtkcqfKK-1GHyGBP9iPD5Nr61oxWBVAaJJ0MjCCKjgfwo2ADfvvWUmJo1JAXbBMmsdssRVLNwaiU_F1A2Fg7Pf1VNfwvFM9/s1600-h/somua.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 229px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL6zE9oz1Pgf4TrkuS236_cXTrjE2n9h1ow7GLf9S8SzARLmtkcqfKK-1GHyGBP9iPD5Nr61oxWBVAaJJ0MjCCKjgfwo2ADfvvWUmJo1JAXbBMmsdssRVLNwaiU_F1A2Fg7Pf1VNfwvFM9/s320/somua.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380225020414782450" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a>Tank Somua yang direbut tentara Jerman<br />saat melakukan kejutan ke Perancis<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 264px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvh1cv6D4FpfuWS-XAknPykpVVEUH2HL90ANrpSLpYv4MYM2Qcmkkm89wkYFmcdq1JqIGrPFg50ipMU2KgSoOMtyNrllgo2idTCzraeN9n2ixdyOOaROLjf9BBL3sM81rOrKkW_TZOnwOa/s320/dunlirk.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380239815825251362" border="0" /></a>British Expeditionary Force yang mundur<br />dari Calais menuju Dunkirk<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz8B8RexK8Kg1lysCjB6Rq0rK7J8tX229V50qmK0oHUr-LE7hyphenhyphen1ri9d71IVvd0GWdcqbz4DqX9rmLzsR6LgJemq8Y-r-GiGhcNtL9iMNmP9hM-_hk71V8Yfo6AROUoE4PL-0AvuOIM-Y2t/s1600-h/dunlirk.jpg"></a><br /></div></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-82298614854017484472009-09-11T05:19:00.000-07:002009-09-11T07:52:47.237-07:006 Kemiripan Fuhrer Hitler & Emperor Napoleon<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRXfO0ykDX4SEWSvQ71_l7Z09Za5IZ4ATlGmqRGCCUoxcHwfCD0hV3yue8kPaciDjW3c0GWqAiJfFi4L3ftudK04MF8Okpn7Yv7PEFKpDKW4lYut63_l-V0GpdYSGp97WibmkzPzg58bj1/s1600-h/fuhrer+hitler.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRXfO0ykDX4SEWSvQ71_l7Z09Za5IZ4ATlGmqRGCCUoxcHwfCD0hV3yue8kPaciDjW3c0GWqAiJfFi4L3ftudK04MF8Okpn7Yv7PEFKpDKW4lYut63_l-V0GpdYSGp97WibmkzPzg58bj1/s320/fuhrer+hitler.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380191002179950274" border="0" /></a>Fuhrer Hitler<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKoWaJTJsfq4LKhxGv8zLroyZgCACk4Vk3WSIS0IXo2pXDykTtl6_X8z1TK6rLfwCfJxe_Vi5Ps0uapb0Rr1UlB_dqa5eH7ME0O6vIEqL0rwQkf1QxU3IhWGiY9OB86NW5dbUlNKgB3_-K/s1600-h/napleon+bonaparte.JPG"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 239px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKoWaJTJsfq4LKhxGv8zLroyZgCACk4Vk3WSIS0IXo2pXDykTtl6_X8z1TK6rLfwCfJxe_Vi5Ps0uapb0Rr1UlB_dqa5eH7ME0O6vIEqL0rwQkf1QxU3IhWGiY9OB86NW5dbUlNKgB3_-K/s320/napleon+bonaparte.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380191523252336226" border="0" /></a>Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte<br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br />Diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut :<br /><br /></div></div>1. Empereur Napoleon lahir dipulau Korsika (daerah jajahan perancis yang mempunyai 2 bahasa : italy dan perancis), sedangkan Heil Hitler d Austria (negara yang dianeksasi jerman).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0dVlcJ5AvQxrbDvty4aYtFR19pOdNGP2zOiOX86v4XO4NSd7FizGhYFCg9fX8A8c_1efEH2GuheWbRXuBfSAjWkhTS7VcJDVpJRkw8a74eu7KE1t5A0OwceDegFhoMxBs_sdAwZU-0Vw6/s1600-h/corsica01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0dVlcJ5AvQxrbDvty4aYtFR19pOdNGP2zOiOX86v4XO4NSd7FizGhYFCg9fX8A8c_1efEH2GuheWbRXuBfSAjWkhTS7VcJDVpJRkw8a74eu7KE1t5A0OwceDegFhoMxBs_sdAwZU-0Vw6/s320/corsica01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380190535873843826" border="0" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">Peta Pulau Korsika</div><br />2. Kedua2 nya sama2 melakukan Kudeta & Revolusi Radikal, Empereur melibas Bourbon Monarki pada Revolusi Perancis dan Sang Fuhrer yang melumat Republik Weimar yang demokratis lalu mendirikan Third Reich-n sendiri.<br /><br />3. Kedua2 nya, orang yang amat ambisius, coba liat Napoleon dengan La Grande Armee-nya waktu menghajar Tsar Rusia & kita liat Heil Hitler dengan 'Operasi Aufbau Ost' dengan memperioritaskan pembangunan angkatan perang-nya d front timur untuk melumat Rusia, (tp Rusia dengan daerah jelajahnya yang luas (the power of Motherland) dan terpaan musim saljunya yang dahsyat (the power of Snow Disaster) menjadi bumerang buat angkatan bersenjata Napoleon dan Hitler yg pd akhirnya dua2-nya sama2 gagal).<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOYGUKombKj3cGHhi5j3iZh_bryzBO8CXDJR-suKSibCjeK5sdOX1b6GlPKbPhhg8XfqXmIIg47dCXw3k9Hk_lzdibUG-pc_cIUaQu5VhCuM7tlCJm0LXuwm-GkeaOizhSZaPbaj0X2iJK/s1600-h/la+grande+armee.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 217px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOYGUKombKj3cGHhi5j3iZh_bryzBO8CXDJR-suKSibCjeK5sdOX1b6GlPKbPhhg8XfqXmIIg47dCXw3k9Hk_lzdibUG-pc_cIUaQu5VhCuM7tlCJm0LXuwm-GkeaOizhSZaPbaj0X2iJK/s320/la+grande+armee.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380191939324034002" border="0" /></a>Grand Army-nya Napoleon, road to Russia Motherland<br /></div><br />4. Kedua2 nya mempunyai musuh bebuyutan yang sama (Inggris dan Russia), mempunyai front yang sama, seperti kita ambil contoh : the battle of Pyramid kita anggap sebagai front afrika untuk Napoleon (emang kalo buat hitler seh front afrika juga, biarpun pasukan rommel gak pernah sampe nusuk ke Alexandria atu juga Kairo), trus bisa kita samakan antara Battle of Trafalgar (jaman Empereur) dan Battle of Antlantic (jaman PD II) adalah kemiripan perang untuk menyaingi angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris dua2 gak pernah berhasil ngedominasi Royal Navy. Dua2 nya juga punya luka yang paling dalam buat angkatan perangnya, yaitu pada waktu kekalahan dalam battle of Leipzig dan Waterloo (buat empereur) dan Stalingrad dan Kursk (heil hitler) menjadi titik balik hancurnya kejayaan mereka berdua, yang pada akhirnya Empereur di buang jauh ke selatan atlantik tepatnya di pulau St. Elena (dan akhirnya koit dsana) krn lari dr pulau Elba dan mengumpulkan pasukan-nya kembali untuk berperang di Waterloo dan Nasib Hitler yang amat tragis dengan menembakkan pistol sendiri kejidatnya pd waktu berada d bungker pada waktu kejatuhan Berlin.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfSj9Lz2wLPzmtUZ3MC7hKs2ycp6U6DeZSyywOTxki9s30OZUGT8yk34DPVtLh2O_FGSJIVZJozRWpJQAmkk6pqq3OOL3OLDInJI-83eAOdYbxo0ZjnyrIWgrgj64QiqZs5r-8_FkyKuvl/s1600-h/battle+of+atlantic.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 239px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfSj9Lz2wLPzmtUZ3MC7hKs2ycp6U6DeZSyywOTxki9s30OZUGT8yk34DPVtLh2O_FGSJIVZJozRWpJQAmkk6pqq3OOL3OLDInJI-83eAOdYbxo0ZjnyrIWgrgj64QiqZs5r-8_FkyKuvl/s320/battle+of+atlantic.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380193893594946850" border="0" /></a>Berburu U-Boat, perang yang panjang & melelah dalam Battle of Atlantic<br /></div><br />5. Kedua-nya punya kesamaan dlm strategi perang yang unik, dalam Battle of Austerlitz, tentara Napoleon yang yang berjumlah sedikit mampu memenangkan perang dengan 'menempatkan Field Battery (meriam ringan) berada didepan garis dengan pengawalan yang ketat dan merotasi garis infantri dengan cepat dan secara berkala (karena mereka mempunyai pasukan yang sangat sedikit)' yah agak cukup unik untuk menghajar jumlah pasukan Koalisi pim. Rusia yang berjumlah besar, Blitzkrieg mungkin gak asing buat telinga anda, karena inilah revolusi taktik dan strategi unik yang menjadikan acuan untuk kemenangan cepat dalam peperangan, dan tak juga empereur dan fuhrer hitler sama orang yang tak mengenal lupa.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1I58os9bKyJCwNFHNxs9dTTKzQG6f3PdjGC9RI2OvryJqO8gKO8znPqHulBJYIqBxnUUgDSPcwpl88PW0cowYqr0lELpzc3EjyaXdXD6tqIgNY1oEUwm2qG1nmGF2ZMbe2mUNAkVb2eht/s1600-h/diorama+austerliz.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1I58os9bKyJCwNFHNxs9dTTKzQG6f3PdjGC9RI2OvryJqO8gKO8znPqHulBJYIqBxnUUgDSPcwpl88PW0cowYqr0lELpzc3EjyaXdXD6tqIgNY1oEUwm2qG1nmGF2ZMbe2mUNAkVb2eht/s320/diorama+austerliz.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380194556697015314" border="0" /></a>Diorama di Austerlitz, menggulung Piet Bagration<br /></div><br />6. Dan kedua2-nya juga sama2 mempunyai Jenderal2 yang cakap (Michael Ney, Charles Davout & Joachim Murat = Jenderal Napoleon / Heinz Guderian dan Von Manstein dr fuhrer hitler) dan perajurit yang Setia. Kalo Hitler punya pasukan sendiri yg bernama Waffen-SS, lain dengan Napoleon yang Punya Pasukan Sendiri yaitu, VOLTIGER dan kedua2-nya juga mempunyai Organisasi yang rapi dr setiap angkatannya.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB51KoL0RyiO7ila63VKHGTYHbFW9rC0vE8f1IgU3btyog8fyttgmeoyl43500UD16hnKt8W6Ij4Tm8cHhZMxwVnX_uRjJpGfnTnQ2-QQRA4zItNIprkws4tfU3E954DQtcJ60ZNbzcP0z/s1600-h/REKRUTAN+PENGAWAL+HITLER+UNTUK+USIA+17+TAHUN.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 227px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB51KoL0RyiO7ila63VKHGTYHbFW9rC0vE8f1IgU3btyog8fyttgmeoyl43500UD16hnKt8W6Ij4Tm8cHhZMxwVnX_uRjJpGfnTnQ2-QQRA4zItNIprkws4tfU3E954DQtcJ60ZNbzcP0z/s320/REKRUTAN+PENGAWAL+HITLER+UNTUK+USIA+17+TAHUN.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380193017922022082" border="0" /></a>Poster Rekrutan untuk calon Tentara SS umur 17 tahun<br /></div><br />But, mungkin yang lebih mencolok cuma 1 x ya,....krn Hitler tidak pernah belajar dari apa yang dilakukan oleh Napoleon pada waktu invasi ke Rusia (kata napoleon : "kemustahilan hanya ada dalam kamus orang2 bodoh" tp setelah hampir menjorok masuk jauh kedalam Rusia dan mundur karena cuaca yang dingin dan kekalahan pada Battle of Leipzig di Saxony yang pada akhirnya dikejar2 tentara Koalisi Rusia hingga ke Paris, seluruh imperiumnya hampir saja berantakan, tp balik lagi dan menyusun lagi angkatannya) yang pada akhirnya Front Timur adalah bumerang bagi Rezim Nazi Jerman.<br /><br />Oleh : Bobby Zuhdy Gunawan<br /></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-10499973706793194492009-09-04T08:19:00.000-07:002009-09-05T05:40:50.089-07:00Mengambil Alih Rhineland<div style="text-align: justify;">Unit Angkatan Darat Jerman (Wehrmacht) menempati Zona demiliterisasi Rhineland : Pasukan Pertama berbaris masuk ke Koblenz pada bulan Maret 1936 (Photo dibawah).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1l0MkaJAL7hlYZsbVwT3U9jLS3blBfoAgKGeTD37I2kP4jYCnsNiM755D8hbRC_cd33TQt-g1cGrKF46AgDbWGepaQyEndAYlvoWefZKuhGkGiAFInpCgf3MrS910Ax2CwpaidXCQlWyu/s1600-h/highres_30024574.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 207px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1l0MkaJAL7hlYZsbVwT3U9jLS3blBfoAgKGeTD37I2kP4jYCnsNiM755D8hbRC_cd33TQt-g1cGrKF46AgDbWGepaQyEndAYlvoWefZKuhGkGiAFInpCgf3MrS910Ax2CwpaidXCQlWyu/s320/highres_30024574.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377638102820980786" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div id="result_box" dir="ltr">Warga Dusseldorf menyambut Pasukan Jerman selama pendudukan di Rheinland tanggal 10 Maret 1936 (photo dibawah) </div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga7LdEnKIQNt8ktAgEwp4chd-dYajuqx76ypJRF5st2lAbgsh1j0uvhLWnLJFBTfk8EFkXtKhMEKpGRQ_WBlXyF5h73otMXsHzEabZQI-_TL_slScZz5NDD0s_BxfiBrqmLASxrH_gVm67/s1600-h/highres_30019620%2520copy.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 251px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga7LdEnKIQNt8ktAgEwp4chd-dYajuqx76ypJRF5st2lAbgsh1j0uvhLWnLJFBTfk8EFkXtKhMEKpGRQ_WBlXyF5h73otMXsHzEabZQI-_TL_slScZz5NDD0s_BxfiBrqmLASxrH_gVm67/s320/highres_30019620%2520copy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377647868557775106" border="0" /></a>Tanggal 7 Maret 1936, sekitar 30.000 tentara Jerman berbaris memasuki Rhineland, yang telah di demiliterisasi setelah berakhirnya Perang Dunia Pertama. Seperti biasa, kebijakan agresif Hitler yang melakukan penekanan pada perjanjian-perjanjian damai yang telah dicanangkan. Dia membenarkan perjanjian tersebut yang nyata-nyata melanggar Perjanjian Versailles dan Pakta Locarno, sebagai restitusi dari Hak Jerman untuk menentukan nasib bangsanya sendiri. Menurut data resmi, lebih dari 98,9% rakyat Jerman menyatakan dukungannya untuk invasi ke Rhineland tersebut dalam referendum yang diadakan pada tanggal 29 Maret 1936.<br /><br />source : Arsip Warisan Budaya Prussia<br /></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-73413631274367104852009-09-04T05:04:00.000-07:002009-09-04T05:33:59.480-07:00Valkiry, Holocaust atau Holohoax<span style="font-weight: bold;">Oleh : Rezanades Muhammad</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpHCtNIwooakbxbsYuF7jdb4d0ECU_4zkqB8qog5XNa3Xc-qLMZSG-LksAJE0F3LeRwarw9MVv_T1wy5pi8RqLpsei-9h6AAAVY2-6FyKx56nXs_6Hi0vHl_o-YtPHVcRTDg_7tIjtH8Jk/s1600-h/valkiries1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 230px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpHCtNIwooakbxbsYuF7jdb4d0ECU_4zkqB8qog5XNa3Xc-qLMZSG-LksAJE0F3LeRwarw9MVv_T1wy5pi8RqLpsei-9h6AAAVY2-6FyKx56nXs_6Hi0vHl_o-YtPHVcRTDg_7tIjtH8Jk/s320/valkiries1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377585982190579682" border="0" /></a>Valkyrie adalah prosedur pengamanan kota bila negara sedang terancam bahaya. Sejumlah pasukan yang sudah ditempatkan di sejumlah titik kota akan dengan serentak menguasai titik- titik penting Ibukota dan di seluruh propinsi bila menerima pesan gawat darurat. Mengambil setting Perang Dunia II, prosedur Valkyrie pernah digunakan untuk merebut pemerintahan Jerman dari rezim Adolf Hitler. Para pemberontak yang juga adalah sejumlah perwira tinggi militer dan departemen pertahanan Jerman merancang plot Valkyrie dengan cukup rapi. Setelah beberapa kali mengadakan rapat akhirnya diputuskan beberapa hal, yang pertama adalah pembunuhan terhadap A. Hitler dan Himmler ( kepala pasukan SS ). Yang kedua, adalah mengaktifkan Valkyrie dengan perintah kepada pasukan Valkyrie bahwa Negara dalam keadaan gawat darurat, telah terjadi usaha pemberontakan, sang Fuhrer A. Hitler telah terbunuh dan memerintahkan untuk menangkap pasukan SS dan sejumlah tokoh –tokoh lainnya karena mereka adalah pemberontak. Tokoh- tokoh yang disebut dalam surat perintah Valkyrie ini tentunya adalah pengikut setia Hitler yang perlu segera “diamankan” dan pasukan SS harus segera dibekuk karena mereka adalah komponen militer yang paling setia kepada Hitler.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglyJKOjuDjnDADAUbuvJTHunNfhIWd06ZowmA9l0OdDgt84DIKvrRFq25WWrfAQuGC6XW2pbuOAtMzaiFlNV7J4LR045IywWqOeQQ7colg5HWEPFkbe-3jGa4wZeaHv-X5XMUafbQ6Wwva/s1600-h/stauffenbergcruistd0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 201px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglyJKOjuDjnDADAUbuvJTHunNfhIWd06ZowmA9l0OdDgt84DIKvrRFq25WWrfAQuGC6XW2pbuOAtMzaiFlNV7J4LR045IywWqOeQQ7colg5HWEPFkbe-3jGa4wZeaHv-X5XMUafbQ6Wwva/s320/stauffenbergcruistd0.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377586651441001394" border="0" /></a>Adalah Kolonel Claus von Stauffenberg yang menggagas plot ini. Salah seorang perwira muda Jerman yang sangat menginginkan agar rezim A. Hitler segera berakhir. Dengan Valkyrie Kudeta yang dilakukan bersama kelompoknya diperkirakan akan terjadi sangat cepat dan dapat berakhir dengan kemenangan tanpa pertumpahan darah. Suatu keberhasilan yang sangat ideal , mengingat begitu besarnya dukungan seluruh rakyat Jerman kepada A. Hitler kala itu.<br /><br />Namun apa mau dikata, ternyata sejarah berkata lain. Hitler ternyata selamat dari usaha pembunuhan 20 July 1944 tersebut, kudeta tersebut berhasil dipatahkan dan Kolonel Stauffenberg beserta kawan-kawannya dieksekusi mati. Film yang dibuat berdasarkan kisah nyata ini diperankan oleh Tom Cruise, Tom Wilkinson, Terence Stamp, dan lain -lain bermaksud menampilkan sisi heroisme dari seorang perwira yang berani menentang tiran. Para pemberontak berkeyakinan bahwa Adolf Hitler menjalankan perang yang salah. Mereka berpendapat dengan berperang menyerang Eropa, pasukan NAZI Jerman akan membawa Jerman dan seluruh Eropa ke gerbang kehancuran. Stauffenberg dan kawan- kawannya bermaksud berunding dengan negara- negara sekutu begitu rezim Hitler berhasil mereka runtuhkan. Bahkan hingga akhir hayatnya di ujung eksekusi, para pemberontak tersebut ditampilkan sangat heroik.<br /><br />Sayang sebagai film yang mengangkat kisah nyata , Valkyrie tidak mencantumkan alasan kenapa A. Hitler berperang. Sehingga melihat pemberontak Stauffenberg dan kawan- kawannya yang ingin menyelamatkan Eropa menjadi sungguh menggelikan terutama apabila kita membaca sejarah. Sedang, Figur Hitler digambarkan sebagai seorang maniak yang gila kekuasaan dan perang yang ingin menguasai seluruh Eropa.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tujuan Adolf Hitler Berperang</span><br /><br />Di penghujung masa Perang Dunia I, Jerman menyatakan menyerah kalah dan menarik semua pasukannya dari Eropa. Situasi ini membuat para petinggi militer Jerman kebingungan kala itu, karena mereka merasa tidak kalah di medan pertempuran. Lalu kenapa mereka disuruh untuk menyerah dan mundur ? Hal ini membuat para petinggi militer Jerman diam- diam geram kepada pemimpin dan politisi Jerman. Ditambah pula kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh perjanjian Versailles (1919) yang amat merugikan Jerman. Isi dari perjanjian tersebut adalah pembatasan militer Jerman, penyerahan sejumlah wilayah- wilayah koloninya dan pembayaran sejumlah besar uang kepada negara- negara pemenang perang ( Inggris , Perancis dan Russia ) yang sangat mencekik bangsa Jerman.<br /><br />Sedangkan untuk pembiayaan perang dalam PD I, Jerman selalu membayarnya dengan mencetak uang bukan dengan uang pajak. Hasilnya adalah, seusai perang mata uang Marks runtuh nilainya. Didalam negeri, investasi hampir tidak ada lagi nilainya sementara kebanyakan orang melakukan transaksi dengan membarter barang dan sekitar 30% rakyat Jerman tidak bisa memiliki pekerjaan, singkatnya negara dalam keadaan “chaos”. Sementara Inggris dan Perancis mengancam akan meneruskan serangan bila Jerman tidak bisa memenuhi jadwal pembayaran. Hasilnya adalah legiun Perancis dan Belgia menduduki wilayah industri Jerman di Ruhr pada Januari 1923. Tujuan pasukan tersebut adalah untuk menduduki tambang-tambang emas Jerman dan mengalihkan outputnya ke Perancis. Namun akhirnya para pekerja tambang emas tersebut beramai- ramai melakukan mogok kerja dan meninggalkan tambang tersebut. Sungguh berbeda dengan rakyat Jerman, kaum Yahudi Jerman yang tinggal bersama rakyat Jerman hidup kaya raya sebagai pengusaha, bankir dan industriawan. Karakter Yahudi juga dikenal sangat tidak simpatik, kebanyakan Yahudi Jerman membatasi pergaulannya dengan orang selain Yahudi. Sifat mereka yang cenderung etnosentris mengakibatkan mereka sulit untuk berbaur serta sering memancing kecurigaan dan kecemburuan. Hitler juga mencurigai kaum Yahudi sebagai pemilik denyut nadi ekonomi Jerman yang selalu melarikan harta kekayaannya keluar Jerman dan menyokong musuh- musuh Jerman selama Perang Dunia I lewat pembiayaan. Itulah salah satu sebabnya mengapa Hitler dan NAZI nya menimpakan semua kesalahan atas kekalahan PD I kepada kaum Yahudi.<br /><br />Adalah Adolf Hitler, veteran perang berpangkat Kopral yang menyajikan fakta- fakta ini sebagai butir- butir perjuangan partainya. Ia berusaha membuka mata rakyat Jerman yang telah dipermainkan sejumlah politisi. Ia pernah berkata,”mereka yang pernah menyuruh kita berperang atas nama negara tapi setelah kita hampir mencapai kemenangan mereka juga yang menyuruh kita untuk kalah”. Saat itu Jerman sangat terpukul dan terisolir kegiatan ekonominya namun kekuatan militernya masih tetap digdaya. Oleh karena itu, argumentasi A. Hitler untuk berperang waktu itu adalah argumentasi yang dapat diterima oleh hampir seluruh rakyat Jerman. Satu- satunya cara untuk mengembalikan martabat bangsa dan negara adalah mengadakan perang dengan sekutu ( Inggris , Perancis dan Russia ) dan membalas kekalahan yang pernah mereka derita.<br /><br />Jadi adalah sangat menggelikan bila Kolonel Stauffenberg dan kawan- kawannya yang ditampilkan sebagai hero yang ingin menyelamatkan Eropa dari serangan ekspansif Hitler. Justru Jermanlah yang ingin berperang untuk membebaskan dirinya dari kungkungan perjanjian Versailles. Tulisan ini bukanlah bermaksud untuk merehabilitasi nama Adolf Hitler ataupun semua kejahatan yang pernah dilakukannya sebagai tiran. Terlepas dari semua kejahatannya, Adolf Hitler adalah seorang politisi yang cerdas sekaligus pemimpin militer yang kejam. Ia juga bukanlah pejabat korup, sebaliknya semua hartanya diserahkan kepada negara. Terlebih- lebih mengait- ngaitkannya kepada sebuah kelompok mistis tertentu adalah lebih tidak masuk akal. Namun kebencian terhadap figur ini perlu terus dipompa dari berbagai angle dan dari segala arah untuk mengingatkan opini umum akan peristiwa Holocaust. Sebagai peristiwa pembantaian yang paling mengerikan dalam sejarah manusia.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Holocaust atau Holohoax ?</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRneYNZOyDwuTR3t3LGRmnHElfODfQIaGSFN3DWIXEOVpGW1bFzFD96Sz2800yNOwMQsAjOKcAxefcmWIzXUzh9QbdF2FvlR9gp4mufYulTKT_mp2JQyK3nvu7lxLhMtQEUBbmOedqBWpo/s1600-h/holohoax.gif"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 246px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRneYNZOyDwuTR3t3LGRmnHElfODfQIaGSFN3DWIXEOVpGW1bFzFD96Sz2800yNOwMQsAjOKcAxefcmWIzXUzh9QbdF2FvlR9gp4mufYulTKT_mp2JQyK3nvu7lxLhMtQEUBbmOedqBWpo/s320/holohoax.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377587362493989842" border="0" /></a>Holocaust adalah nama dari peristiwa pembantaian Yahudi oleh NAZI Jerman. Program ini sering disebut solusi final NAZI Jerman kepada kaum Yahudi. Metodenya adalah dengan membangun kamp- kamp konsentrasi dimana seluruh orang Yahudi dikumpulkan untuk kemudian satu persatu dibunuh dengan cara dimasukkan ke kamar gas. Diperkirakan jumlah korban tewas Holocaust ini berkisar 4 juta jiwa. Lokasi kamp- kamp konsentrasi tersebar luas didalam Jerman (Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald, dll. ) maupun di daerah –daerah pendudukan Jerman selama perang dunia II yang kesemua totalnya berjumlah 15,000 kamp.<br /><br />Holo”hoax” adalah pelintiran kata dari Holocaust. Hoax adalah usaha yang disengaja untuk menipu atau membohongi orang lain untuk mempercayai keberadaan sesuatu yang tidak ada. Holohaux adalah usaha untuk menipu opini umum untuk mempercayai bahwa hal semacam Holocaust pernah ada didalam sejarah.<br /><br />Adalah David John Cawdell Irving sejarawan asal Inggris yang membongkar kepalsuan teori Holocaust. Ia menyatakan bahwa Holocaust tidak pernah ada karena beberapa hal berikut :<br /><br />1. Istilah Holocaust tidak pernah ada selama Perang Dunia II ataupun pernah ditemukan disemua surat kabar dan media massa di masa itu. Istilah Holocaust baru muncul pertama kali di sekitar tahun 1970 an atau 25 tahun setelah Perang Dunia II berakhir.<br /><br />2. Tidak ditemukan satu dokumen atau arsip apapun yang menghubungkan A. Hitler dengan kata “Holocaust” dari jaman pemerintahannya. Atau tidak ada satu dokumen pun yang pernah menyebut-nyebut mengenai hal itu.<br /><br />3. Kapal induk teori Holocaust adalah keberadaan kamp konsentrasi Jerman yang berada di Auschwitz yang disebut sebagai kamp terbesar. Di tempat itulah, dikatakan ratusan ribu Yahudi dibantai dengan cara dimasukkan ke kamar gas. Namun, dari sisa- sisa gedung Auschwitz tidak ditemukan sedikitpun residu gas sianida yang seharusnya banyak tertempel di dinding- dinding gedung tersebut. Sebagian gedung tersebut masih berdiri. Keberadaan Holocaust di Auschwitz sudah pernah diuji oleh insinyur asal AS, Frederick Leuchter pada tahun 1988 yang sering menjadi konsultan penjara dan ahli dalam teknologi eksekusi . Tugas Leuchter adalah untuk memeriksa apakah gedung tersebut pernah digunakan untuk melakukan eksekusi dengan gas sianida ataukah gedung tersebut memungkinkan untuk melakukannya. Hasilnya adalah sama sekali tidak ditemukan residu gas sianida pada semua bagian gedung tersebut kecuali pada suatu bagian. Yang dibagian gedung tersebut adalah gas Zyklon B bukan digunakan untuk mengeksekusi tahanan melainkan untuk meng-disinfektan baju tahanan atau membersihkan baju- baju tahanan dari kuman. Hasil penelitian Leuchter kemudian disebut the Leuchter Report.<br /><br />4. Museum atau gedung Auschwitz yang sekarang sering diperlihatkan kepada turis adalah gedung palsu untuk kepentingan pariwisata yang baru dibangun pada tahun 1948 , yaitu 3 tahun setelah perang dunia II usai.<br /><br />5. Tidak ada satu pun dari sekian banyak dokumen perang atau dokumen militer yang ditemukan dari pihak NAZI Jerman yang pernah menyebut keberadaan Holocaust ataupun pembantaian massal terencana kepada kaum Yahudi atau satu pun yang menyebut pembantaian terencana dengan pemakaian kamar gas. Mengingat begitu besarnya skala peristiwa Holocaust yang digambarkan tersebut pastilah setidaknya ada sedikit arsip berupa surat atau file dokumen yang menyebut peristiwa itu.<br /><br />6. Jika benar Holocaust telah membantai 4 juta orang Yahudi maka diperkirakan Jerman perlu membunuh 60.000 orang per hari. Teori ini perlu dipertanyakan , karena yang pertama, bila mereka harus membunuh 60,000 orang per hari pihak Jerman sendiri dapat kehabisan gas sianida untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan ini. Yang kedua , untuk mengkremasi sebegitu besar jumlah mayat tersebut diperlukan 2000 ton arang per hari yang dimana hal ini sama sekali tidak ditemukan di semua lokasi yang disebut Holocaust.<br /><br />7. Kamp konsentrasi atau kamp kerja paksa tersebut memang benar adanya. Tetapi jumlah total yang tewas di Auschwitz hanya sekitar 66,000 orang. Sebagian besar korban kamp tewas karena kondisi kesehatan yang buruk dan kelaparan. Sebagian lainnya lagi meninggal karena eksekusi.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbxkjDkiES9sJTxP5niXUJQh0RzwyUNKHj8LIQsemTv5dLl33j-XO2keaeEXbZJyJH6SzfsbC0G-aI3rhf2KD61SBmqtP6_q2zzBf3Yk-wZJ2q3WGV04x-sbSDfIhu6fUGz6KptduSv5Iq/s1600-h/holoax+its+bulshit.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 212px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbxkjDkiES9sJTxP5niXUJQh0RzwyUNKHj8LIQsemTv5dLl33j-XO2keaeEXbZJyJH6SzfsbC0G-aI3rhf2KD61SBmqtP6_q2zzBf3Yk-wZJ2q3WGV04x-sbSDfIhu6fUGz6KptduSv5Iq/s320/holoax+its+bulshit.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377587998121809618" border="0" /></a>Memang tidak diragukan lagi bila A. Hitler dan partai NAZInya telah melakukan sejumlah kejahatan perang ( war crimes ) berupa pembantaian ke sejumlah warga sipil yang tidak bersalah atau kelompok- kelompok tertentu yang tidak disukainya.<br /><br />Sebagai korban dari kejahatan perang, pada dasarnya semua korban sipil yang tidak bersalah selama Perang Dunia II yang menjadi korban pembunuhan yang disengaja oleh pihak militer musuh adalah kejahatan perang. Warga sipil Yahudi yang menjadi korban pembantaian semasa perang disebut sebagai korban kejahatan perang adalah bukan karena mereka Yahudi, melainkan adalah karena mereka warga sipil Yahudi. Faktanya, bangsa Yahudi bukanlah satu- satunya korban kejahatan perang yang terjadi semasa Perang Dunia II melainkan hampir seluruh warga sipil dunia pernah menjadi korban kejahatan perang pada masa itu termasuk warga sipil Jerman sendiri. Oleh karena itu kaum Yahudi menciptakan kata baru, “genocide” dan “holocaust” yang berarti pembantaian ras dan kemudian membuatnya seakan kejahatan NAZI Jerman hanya diperuntukkan kepada kaum Yahudi saja sebagai tujuan pemusnahan ras. Dengan cara ini mereka melakukan penipuan sejarah agar seluruh dunia merasa bersalah atas peristiwa Holocaust.<br /><br />Hingga sekarang Holocaust digunakan untuk menggiring opini umum dunia dalam usaha pendirian negara Israel. Sebagai bangsa yang pernah menjadi korban pembantaian, kaum Yahudi merasa mendapat pembenaran untuk mendapatkan seluruh tanah Palestina. Oleh karena itulah, seberapa pun besarnya jumlah korban si<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEcXZOOwoJduitgMnQDr5nAJhf8IeW6EASSgLI6ohmxOoR8lLfXUrWKws2auj1cUkLCZriDGfs0lObEar4ppMnA9Pnw69kxkeiV3AV3gEvR-ywn5ReSYvyD63pJePhXF129T60RQkDvGvh/s1600-h/holocaust-story-art.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 216px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEcXZOOwoJduitgMnQDr5nAJhf8IeW6EASSgLI6ohmxOoR8lLfXUrWKws2auj1cUkLCZriDGfs0lObEar4ppMnA9Pnw69kxkeiV3AV3gEvR-ywn5ReSYvyD63pJePhXF129T60RQkDvGvh/s320/holocaust-story-art.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377588594136379666" border="0" /></a>pil yang jatuh dari warga Palestina tidak akan bisa menandingi kepedihan bangsa Yahudi yang pernah merasakan Holocaust. Seberapa banyakpun jumlah korban sipil Palestina yang mati tidak akan bisa menandingi 4 juta jiwa jumlah korban sipil Yahudi di Holocaust. Holocaust juga digunakan untuk penuntutan uang reparasi perang kepada pemerintah Jerman atas semua korban Yahudi Holocaust. Sekarang, setiap orang yang meragukan teori Holocaust akan dituding sebagai anti-semit, Neo-NAZI dan rasis. Atau sebutan yang terbaru sekarang adalah “Holocaust denier” (Penolak Holocaust). Termasuk David Irving sendiri yang sempat mengalami 3 tahun kurungan penjara oleh pemerintah Austria di Februari 2006 hanya karena menyajikan kesimpulannya sebagai sejarawan. Irving juga kehilangan kontrak bernilai jutaan dollar dari sejumlah penerbit besar hanya karena ia menolak untuk memasukkan peristiwa Holocaust didalam buku- bukunya.<br /><br />Film- film anti NAZI Jerman seperti Valkyrie ( 2009 ), Defiance (2008), an yang paling terkenal Schindler's List (1993) dan lain-lainnya sengaja dikeluarkan terus – menerus untuk menggiring opini umum dunia agar percaya pada Holocaust. Bahkan, dalam kurun waktu 50 tahun terakhir David Irving mencatat telah ada 10,000 judul film yang mengisahkan kekejaman NAZI Jerman atau Hitler.<br /></div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-79320202471934511862009-09-01T00:00:00.000-07:002009-09-04T08:18:38.819-07:00Joachim von Ribbentrop setelah Kesimpulan dari Perjanjian Angkatan Laut Jerman-Inggris di London (18 Juni 1935)<div style="text-align: justify;">Hitler terang-terangan mengingkari Perjanjian Versailles tentang regulasi militer dan disaat itu juga sedang gencar-gencarnya kritik dari masyarakat internasional kepadanya. Untuk membujuk Pemerintah Inggris agar bersedia untuk bekerja sama, Hitler mangajukan Draft Perjanjian Angkatan Laut Jerman-Inggris, yang membatasi ukuran Angkatan Laut Jerman hingga 35% dari kekuatan Armada Inggris dan kekuatan Armada Kapal Selam Jerman dibatasi sampai 45% dari komposisi Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris.<br /><br /><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1DdT4KvsaHGJpgEF2elsLtRPpxhKmgs1DZVBRK_hFba_DY-5ldpzc_DRzHerxRPuq9ht2uw6pr5PDNj6SfEK-4ju0qCzDZaJ-i03UFjrz-iMyhAkrkPuv_oRk3ynJs1vrq12kcHcCoqBB/s1600-h/highres_30024549%2520copy.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 387px; height: 296px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1DdT4KvsaHGJpgEF2elsLtRPpxhKmgs1DZVBRK_hFba_DY-5ldpzc_DRzHerxRPuq9ht2uw6pr5PDNj6SfEK-4ju0qCzDZaJ-i03UFjrz-iMyhAkrkPuv_oRk3ynJs1vrq12kcHcCoqBB/s320/highres_30024549%2520copy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5376401137204973666" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Joachim von Ribbentrop (depan, tengah), sebagai Duta Besar Khusus di London mewakili pihak Jerman dalam negosiasi ini. Perjanjian tersebut ditandatangani di London pada 18 Juni 1935. Pemerintah Inggris berharap bahwa perjanjian akan mencegah perlombaan senjata seperti yang terjadi menjelang Perang Dunia Pertama dan pada saat yang sama Inggris meningkatkan supremasi Angkatan Lautnya. Tetapi dalam kasus ini, bahwasannya Hitler telah gagal melihat isi perjanjian tersebut mengikat negaranya dan dia tidak memperdulikannya. Lalu pada akhirnya, ia memerintahkan Komandan Tertinggi Angkatan Laut (Kriegsmarine), Laksamana Erich Raeder, bahwasannya Angkatan Laut Jerman dengan kekuatan penuh harus dapat menyaingi Inggris. Hal tersebut tidak pernah tercapai yang sampai pada akhirnya Jerman hanya bisa melakukan Perang Gerilya dengan Royal Navy.<br /><br />Source : © Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz</div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-26728144971404898022009-08-31T20:07:00.000-07:002009-09-05T13:01:19.835-07:00Haenel / Schmeiiser MKb.42(H) Machinenkarabiner / Senapan Serbu<p style="text-align: justify;">Tahun 1939, HWaA (Komando Persenjataan Tentara Hitler) melakukan kesepakatan untuk mengembangkan sebuah 'Maschinenkarabiner' atau Senapan Mesin (MKb Laras yang diperpendek), dengan spesifikasi yang anyar 7.92x33 Kurz Cartidge (Magasen yang diperpendek) kepada perusahaan C.G. Haenel Waffen und Fahrrafabrik. Pengembangan awal berdasarkan dari desain MKb 42 - Maschinenkarabiner, tahun 1942. Senjata baru tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menggantikan senjata SMG (Sub Machine Gun/Machinenpistole) , Senapan Kokang (Bolt Action Rifle) dan sebagian Senapan Mesin Ringan lainnya untuk pasukan yang berada di garis depan dan untuk menunjang jangkauan yang efektif sepanjang 600 meter atau lebih.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipb6HgvjaTGX-jKvsw4T8VBuvAbzbhyphenhyphenON66SAO4twwdMgkxNxu56XSp8txYqtj-F3XvJkia9RYjF-zgbj2wXn-8_JGJGcdS9QgiAasLZNaP0ryll8XLVjlToUezYSAFHKPoAICAlHI7WNH/s1600-h/mkb42h-1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 118px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipb6HgvjaTGX-jKvsw4T8VBuvAbzbhyphenhyphenON66SAO4twwdMgkxNxu56XSp8txYqtj-F3XvJkia9RYjF-zgbj2wXn-8_JGJGcdS9QgiAasLZNaP0ryll8XLVjlToUezYSAFHKPoAICAlHI7WNH/s320/mkb42h-1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5376384112683473842" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Designer terkenal Hugo Schmeisser memimpin Tim Pengembang dari Pabrik C.G. Heinel, yang menghasilkan prototype pertama senjata baru tersebut pada tahun 1942. Sesuai dengan spesifikasinya, senjata tersebut mewarisi beberapa fitur dari MP-40, seperti pengisian yang berada di sisi kiri dengan slot yang aman dan magasin yang diatur oleh tombol pelepasan. Karenanya senjata tersebut harus dibuat dengan pengepresan dan pengelasan yang maksimum C.G. Heinel bekerjasama dengan Merz Werke, perusahaan yang tidak memiliki pengetahuan di bidang persenjataan dan berpengalaman dalam bidang pembentukan dan pengepresan baja.<br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pada pertengahan 1942, senjata pertamanya diluncurkan untuk pasukan yang berada di garis depan pada Front Timur, dan diproduksi secara terbatas pada akhir 1942. Total keseluruhan mencapai 10.000 MKb 42 (H) yang diproduksi untuk angkatan Darat Jerman lalu ditunda untuk menyempurnakan desainnya, yaitu MP-43 / StG.</p><div style="text-align: justify;">Kaliber <b> </b>:7.92 x 33 (7.92 mm)<br />Action<b> :</b> Gas operated, tilting bolt<br />Panjang Keseluruhan : 940 mm<br />Panjang Laras : 364 mm<br />Berat : 4.9 kg (berat kosong)<br />Tingkat Kecepatan Semburan : 500 Peluru/menit<br />Kapasitas Magasen : 30 Peluru </div>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-59033324149928343952009-04-22T07:18:00.000-07:002009-04-22T07:32:33.597-07:00<p><font size="4"><span style="font-weight: bold;">BLITZKRIEG ( Englis Version )</span></font><br /></p><p>The speed, flexibility and initiative of the German <em>Wehrmacht</em> took the Allies completely by surprise during the <em>blitzkrieg</em> at the start of World War Two. Why was it that Britain and France were outfought at every turn?<br /></p><p><img class="border" src="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/images/blitzkrieg_mh_9195.jpg" alt="Tank warfare in France, 1940" width="196" border="2" height="146"></p> <h5>HITLER DICTATES TERMS</h5><p>On 21 June 1940, early in the second year of World War Two, the French president, Marshall Philippe Pétain, sued for peace with Adolf Hitler's Third Reich. In the course of the negotiations Pétain - victor of the battle of Verdun in World War One - agreed to cede three-fifths of French territory to German control.</p> <p>In one of history's great ironies, Hitler insisted that the armistice be signed in the very railway car in which Germany had been compelled to admit defeat at the end of World War One. He was in a good position to dictate such terms. </p> <p>It had taken only a few short weeks for the <em>Wehrmacht</em> (the German army), under his control, to crush the army of the French Third Republic . His well-trained and organised troops had also caused France's Allies, in the form of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), to beat an ignominious retreat from continental Europe. </p> <p>Thus between 10 May and 21 June 1940, the <em>Wehrmacht</em> had accomplished what the army of Kaiser Wilhelm II had not managed to do in four years of desperate fighting in World War One.</p><p><br /></p><h5>ALLIES UNPREPARED<br /></h5> <div class="floatright" style="width: 160px;"> <img alt="A Maginot Line Bunker" class="border" src="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/images/blitzkrieg_hu_3799.jpg" width="160" border="2" height="110"><div class="caption" style="width: 160px;">The Maginot Line: the Allies expected a protracted, defensive war<br /><br /></div> </div>Across the English Channel, a stunned British military establishment struggled to determine how it was that events had so quickly gone so horribly wrong. The BEF had sailed for France believing that they and their French ally were well equipped and well trained to fight a modern war. In truth, as events proved, they were completely unprepared to face Hitler's <em>Wehrmacht</em>. <p>During World War One, the armies of the two Allies had dug in for what became a long, drawn-out conflict. And in 1940, influenced by this experience, the British and French leaders of World War Two were still expecting to fight a war in which the defensive would dominate. With this approach in mind, the French army was sent to man France's heavily fortified border with Germany, the Maginot Line, and to await a German attack. The BEF was sent to join the line of French troops defending the border with Belgium. </p> <p>They expected that battles would develop slowly and be dominated by 'traditional' arms - those of the infantry and the artillery. Although the two armies had more than 3,500 tanks between them, these were largely cast in a supporting role. </p> <p>The events in May and June 1940 proved that this outdated vision of war could not have been further from reality. This time, unlike the Allies, the Germans intended to fight the war offensively, and win quickly.<br /></p><h5>GERMAN TACTICS<br /></h5> <p>At dawn on 10 May, the Germans began an invasion of Belgium and the Netherlands. Accordingly, convinced that they were facing a repeat of the German strategy of 1914, Allied commanders moved the bulk of their forces from the Franco-Belgian border into defensive positions within Belgium to await the continuation of the German attack. In so doing, they fell right into Hitler's trap.</p> <p>Rather than repeating the World War One Schlieffen Plan, the Germans in 1940 advanced with their main thrust through the Ardennes Forest, in order to smash the vulnerable flank of the Allies. As 29 German divisions advanced through the Netherlands and Belgium in the north, 45 further divisions, including about 2,400 tanks in 7 divisions, burst through the Allied right flank and drove towards the English Channel. </p> <p>By 21 May, this thrust had reached the Channel and encircled 35 Allied divisions, including the BEF. Although the French army put up token resistance for several more weeks, their spirit was broken and the German advance south from Belgium was swift and decisive. </p> <p>Despite desperate attempts by Winston Churchill to bolster French resolve, the defeat of the British and French armies in May effectively spelled the end of French resistance. The Allied armies, completely unprepared for the rapid, mobile operations of the Germans, had simply been out-fought at every turn.</p><h5>NEW FORM A WARFARE<br /></h5> <div class="floatright" style="width: 160px;"> <img alt="German 'stuka' dive bombers" class="border" src="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/images/blitzkrieg_hu_75880.jpg" width="160" border="2" height="110"><div class="caption" style="width: 160px;">The Allies believed that 'blitzkrieg' was dependent on new technology, such as tanks and dive-bombers<br /><br /></div> </div>Shocked by their experience, the Allied military observers who had survived the fall of France attributed their defeat to the completely new form of warfare pioneered by the <em>Wehrmacht</em> - the <em>blitzkrieg</em>. <em>Blitzkrieg</em> seemed to be based around the pervasive use of new technology. After all, during the disastrous campaign in Belgium and France, it had seemed as if German tanks and aircraft were everywhere. <p>This view that the Germans used technology, namely the tank and the dive-bomber, to create a new and unique form of warfare has often dominated understanding of how the Germans fought in World War Two. </p> <p>Contrary to the beliefs of the Allied military establishment of the day, however, <em>blitzkrieg</em> was not a brand-new way of waging war. In fact, although it is a German word, the term itself was created by an English newspaper sometime in 1939. </p> <p>In reality, the way in which the <em>Wehrmacht</em> fought, their 'doctrine' in today's parlance, was based more upon ideas than technology. And the ideas that shaped how Hitler's army fought were influenced by the fighting methods German soldiers had used since the 1870s. The so-called <em>blitzkrieg</em> of 1940 was really the German doctrine of 1914 with technology bolted on.</p><h5>ANTECEDENTS</h5> <div class="floatright" style="width: 125px;"> <img alt="Arnold von Shlieffen" class="border" src="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/images/blitzkrieg_hu_1777.jpg" width="125" border="2" height="150"><div class="caption" style="width: 125px;">Schlieffen's doctrine formed the basis of 'blitzkrieg'<br /><br /></div> </div>Before 1914-18, Germany had perceived itself as surrounded by enemies who were superior both in numbers and resources. And German strategists, most notably Alfred von Schlieffen, had concluded that Germany could not win a long, protracted war against such opposition. <p>Thus, in order to win, Schlieffen knew the German army would have to defeat its opponents quickly and decisively. Always outnumbered by its enemies, it would have to match quantity with quality.</p> <p>Schlieffen set about creating a doctrine that would allow the outnumbered German army to outfight its opponents. This doctrine stressed speed of manoeuvre and attacking the enemy where he was weakest, and usually this meant attacking the flanks. </p> <p>Schlieffen also stressed the need to keep the enemy reacting to German moves. In other words, he foresaw the need to maintain the initiative. To accomplish this, he advocated the use of the flexible command system pioneered by Helmuth von Moltke the Elder. </p> <p>Recognising that battlefield conditions changed rapidly and that orders often became overtaken by events, the German army encouraged its commanders to make decisions without waiting for orders from above, thus allowing them to take advantage of fleeting opportunities as they arose. Above all else, this doctrine created aggressive and flexible leaders.</p> <p>Schlieffen and his successor, Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, trained the German army well in what they termed <em>Bewegungskrieg</em>, or 'war of manoeuvre'. In 1914, German units inevitably outfought their opponents whenever they encountered each other on the battlefield.</p> <p>One element that was lacking from the German army in 1914 was the ability to move long distances quickly. Had the German army been mechanised at the outbreak of World War One, it is likely that the outcome of the war would have been very different. As things were then, the German army was unable to defeat its enemies decisively in the war's early battles, and reluctantly settled into trench warfare in late 1914. </p> <p>Throughout the remainder of the war, German officers searched for a process by which the stalemate of the trenches could be broken. In March 1918, they found such a means.<br /></p><h5>DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY<br /></h5> <p>Schlieffen's ideas were largely aimed at operational-level leaders, that is, the commanders of Germany's divisions and army corps. The biggest problems in World War One, however, were at the lower, tactical level. And the German solution to these problems was to apply Schlieffen's operational principles to small units as well as to large ones. Thus, by decentralising command and by increasing the firepower of the infantry, they created a large number of platoon-sized units capable of independent action on the battlefield. </p> <p>These units had the freedom to fight as they thought best, without having to refer constantly to a higher commander. While the Allies relied upon tanks to break through the stalemate of the trenches in 1918, the Germans used a largely infantry force empowered by a sound tactical doctrine.</p> <p>After their defeat in 1918, German military intellectuals began reshaping the army. Under the direction of Hans von Seeckt, commanders fashioned the doctrine that the <em>Wehrmacht</em> was to employ in World War Two. Repelled by the waste and indecisiveness of trench warfare, they returned to the ideas of Schlieffen, and in 1921 the army published its new doctrine, <em>Command and Combat with Combined Arms</em>.<br /></p><h5>APPLYING THE DOCTRINE<br /></h5> <div class="floatright" style="width: 125px;"> <img alt="Heinz Guderain in France, 1940" class="border" src="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/images/blitzkrieg_mh_9239.jpg" width="125" border="2" height="150"><div class="caption" style="width: 125px;">Guderain recognised the importance of tanks<br /><br /></div> </div>This doctrine integrated the operational-level ideas taught by Schlieffen with the tactical concepts developed during World War One. And as military technology, including that of tanks, motor vehicles, aircraft and radios, was developed during the 1920s and 30s, so it was grafted onto this doctrinal framework. <p>Innovators such as Heinz Guderian and Erich von Manstein recognised that the protection given by tanks increased the ability of the German army to manoeuvre in the face of enemy artillery, and that this enhanced speed and mobility. However, the modern technology was merely used to enhance the capabilities that had already been provided, thanks to the army's strategic doctrine.</p> <p>Thus, unlike the Allied armies, the German army in 1940 had an offensive doctrine that emphasised speed of decision-making, speed of manoeuvre and decentralised action. From the operational ideas of Schlieffen they placed the emphasis on speed, flank attacks, encirclements and decisive battle. </p> <p>The experience of World War One had convinced German leaders that these ideas needed to be applied not only at top operational level, but also at the tactical level - by combined-arms teams capable of independent fire and manoeuvre. Tanks, motor vehicles and aircraft merely enabled the <em>Wehrmacht</em> to apply these principles more efficiently. </p> <p>With this doctrine, despite being outnumbered in tanks and combat aircraft, they were able to outfight the Allies at every turn in 1940, and cause the rapid and total collapse of Allied resistance.</p><p>Source : Robbert T. Foley<br /></p>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6379771163260654017.post-4495556529810347832009-04-21T09:27:00.001-07:002009-09-16T05:11:50.750-07:00FELDMARSCHALL ERWIN ROMMEL<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel </b> (lahir 15 November 1891<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1891" title="1891"></a> – wafat 14 Oktober 1944 pada umur 52 tahun) adalah seorang komandan pasukan Jerman pada era Perang Dunia II. Perdana Menteri Inggris Sir Winston Churchill, yang waktu itu adalah musuh bebuyutan Jerman, pernah terang-terangan memberikan salut kepada jenderal jenius ini di Parlemen. Pada akhir hayatnya ketika ditanya mengapa dia memuji musuh, Churchil mengatakan "Saya tidak menyesal memuji Rommel".</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "tampilkan"; var tocHideText = "sembunyikan"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> </div><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Masa Muda</span><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Erwin Rommel dilahirkan di Heidenheim, sekitar 50 km dari kota Ulm, di negara bagian Wurttenberg, Jerman bagian selatan. Anak kedua seorang kepala sekolah menengah di Aalen ini pada usia 14 tahun bersama teman-teman membuat sebuah pesawat layang (Glider) yang berhasil terbang, meski tidak jauh. Rommel muda ingin belajar tehnik, namun ayahnya tidak menyetujuinya dan menyuruhnya bergabung dengan Resimen Infantri ke-24 Württemberg sebagai kadet pada 1910 dan segera dikirim ke Sekolah Kadet Militer di Danzig.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Pada 1911, kadet Rommel berkenalan dengan Lucie Maria Mollin, yang kemudian dinikahinya pada 1916. Pada November 1911, Rommel menyelesaikan pendidikannya dan mendapat pangkat letnan di Wehrmacht/Angkatan Darat Jerman pada Januari 1912.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a name="Perang_Dunia_I" id="Perang_Dunia_I"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Perang Dunia I</span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Saat pecah Perang Dunia I tahun 1914, Rommel tergabung dengan pasukan elit <i>Alpen Korps</i> dengan pangkat letnan dan bertugas di front Perancis dan Rumania. Terluka sebanyak tiga kali, Rommel mendapat anugerah bintang jasa <i>Iron Cross</i> kelas satu dan kelas dua pada Januari 1915.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Pada 1917 Rommel bertugas di front Italy, dan usai memimpin penyerangan Monte Matajur dipromosikan sebagai kapten. Segera sesudahnya, Rommel dan sekelompok kecil anak buahnya merenangi Sungai Piave untuk merebut garnisun pasukan Italia di Lognaroni. Pertempuran ini menyebabkan dirinya dianugrahi bintang jasa tertinggi di Angkatan Perang Jerman, yaitu <i>Pour le Mérite</i>, bintang jasa yang biasanya diberikan hanya pada para jenderal. Pasukannya juga memainkan peranan penting dalam pertempuran di Capporetto, kunci kemenangan Jerman atas Angkatan Darat Italia.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a name="Menjelang_Perang_Dunia_II" id="Menjelang_Perang_Dunia_II"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Menjelang Perang Dunia II</span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Usai perang, Rommel tetap berdinas di Wehrmacht dan pada 1929 diangkat menjadi instruktur di Sekolah Infantri di Dresden. Pada Oktober 1935 dia naik pangkat menjadi Letnan Kolonel dan mulai mengajar di Akademi Militer Postdam.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Sebagai guru yang luar biasa, bahan-bahan kuliah Rommel yang bersumber dari buku hariannya selama Perang Dunia I diterbitkan sebagai buku taktik-taktik infantri (<i>Infanterie greift an</i>) pada 1937. Buku ini dibaca oleh Adolf Hitler yang saking terkesannya menugaskan Rommel melatih Hitler Jugend pada tahun itu. Pada tahun 1938, Rommel, yang sudah berpangkat kolonel, ditunjuk sebagai komandan Akademi Perang di Wiener Neustadt. Di sekolah itu, dia menulis buku lanjutan bukunya yang pertama (Infantry Attacks), yaitu <i>Panzer greift an</i> (<i>Tank Attacks</i>, sering diterjemahkan sebagai <i>Tank in Attacks</i>). Dia dipindahkan tak lama kemudian dan ditempatkan dalam batalyon pengawal pribadi Adolf Hitler (<i>Führer-Begleitbattalion</i>).</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a name="Perang_Dunia_II" id="Perang_Dunia_II"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Perang Dunia II</span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Pada musim gugur 1938, Hitler menunjuk Rommel untuk memimpin unit Wehrmacht yang bertugas melindungi kunjungannya ke Chekoslowakia yang baru saja dianeksasi Jerman. Menjelang invasi ke Polandia, Rommel dipromosikan sebagai Mayor Jenderal dan Komandan <i>Führer-Begleitbattalion</i> yang bertanggungjawab atas pengamanan markas besar bergerak Hitler selama invasi.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a name="Perancis_1940" id="Perancis_1940"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Perancis 1940</span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Tiga bulan setelah invasi Polandia, Rommel mendapat perintah mengomandoi Divisi Panzer ke-7 yang menginvasi Perancis pada Operasi Fall Gelb, Mei 1940. Pasukannya bergerak maju lebih cepat dan lebih jauh dari pasukan-pasukan lain dalam sejarah militer dunia dan mendapat julukan Gespenster-Division (Divisi Hantu), saking sulitnya dideteksi keberadaannya bahkan oleh markas besar Wehrmacht.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Divisi Panzer ke-7 merupakan unit pasukan Jerman pertama yang mencapai Selat Inggris pada 10 Juni 1940, Lalu dia memutar ke selatan, merebut pelabuhan penting Cherbourg pada 19 Juni, dan melaju sepanjang pesisir Perancis hingga mencapai perbatasan Spanyol.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Selama pertempuran di Perancis tersebut, ia tidak henti-hentinya mengalami keberhasilan. Salah satunya pada pertempuran di Arras. Rommel memang seorang yang tahan banting. Pada fase pertama pertempuran ini, Divisi Panzer ke-7 berhasil dipukul mundur oleh tentara Sekutu pimpinan Mayjen Harold Franklyn, tetapi hal ini tidak berlangsung lama. Setelah ia berhasil mengumpulkan kekuatan kembali, akhirnya ia berhasil mengalahkan tentara sekutu pada fase kedua pertempuran.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a name="Afrika_Utara_1941-1943" id="Afrika_Utara_1941-1943"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Afrika Utara 1941-1943</span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="thumb tright"><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rommel_with_his_aides.jpg" class="image" title="Panglima Tertinggi Erwin Rommel, Komandan Angkatan Jerman di Afrika Utara, dengan para pembantunya selama kampanye gurun pada tahun 1942"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rommel_with_his_aides.jpg/200px-Rommel_with_his_aides.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="200" border="0" height="261" /></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rommel_with_his_aides.jpg" class="internal" title="Perbesar"><br /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> Panglima Tertinggi Erwin Rommel, Komandan Angkatan Jerman di Afrika Utara, dengan para pembantunya selama kampanye gurun pada tahun 1942</div></div> </div> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Sebagai penghargaan, Rommel dipromosikan menjadi Jenderal dan panglima dari 2 divisi AD Jerman yaitu Divisi Ringan ke-5 (kemudian direorganisir dan redesain sebagai Divisi Panzer ke-21) dan Divisi Panzer ke-15, yang dikirim ke Libya pada awal 1941 untuk menolong pasukan Itali yang menderita kekalahan besar di front Afrika Utara. Pasukannya inilah cikal bakal terbentuknya <i>Deutsches Afrika Korps</i>. Pasukan barunya ini berhasil memukul mundur Tentara ke-8 Inggris (<i>British 8th Army</i>) keluar dari Tobruk di Libya. Pasukannya merangsek terus ke Mesir tapi berhasil dipatahkan di 'Alamain. Begitu tentara Amerika Serikat mendarat di Maroko dan Aljazair, pasukannya ditarik mundur meninggalkan Tunisia. Kiprahnya di medan pertempuran di padang pasir Afrika Utara itu membuatnya dijuluki <b>"Rubah Padang Pasir"</b> (<i><b>"The Desert Fox"</b></i>)</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Kejeniusannya dalam taktik perang infantri, didukung kecanggihan teknologi panser Jerman dan kedisiplinan pasukannya yang tinggi membuat Jerman unggul. Sayang sekali, kesuksesan ini tidak terlalu mendapat tanggapan serius dari Reichführer Hitler. Kurangnya pasokan logistik, amunisi dan bahan bakar dikarenakan perhatian Hitler ke front Rusia dan upaya menyerbu Inggris serta adanya blokade Angkatan Laut Inggris di Laut Tengah menyebabkan pasukan Afrika Korps tidak mampu melanjutkan pertempuran dan terus mengalami kekalahan.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a name="Benteng_Atlantik_1943-1944" id="Benteng_Atlantik_1943-1944"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Benteng Atlantik 1943-1944</span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Rommel yang terserang infeksi saluran pernafasan ditarik pulang ke Jerman. Ada dugaan kekalahannya di El-Alamain dan penarikan mundur pasukannya dari Tobruk membuat Hitler berang. Kembali ke Jerman, Rommel sempat menganggur. Akan tetapi saat serangan Sekutu makin gencar, Rommel ditunjuk sebagai Panglima Grup B Wehrmacht, yang bertugas mempertahankan pantai Perancis dari kemungkinan invasi Sekutu. Di bawah komandonya termasuk barisan pertahanan Benteng Atlantik (<i>Atlantic Wall</i>) yang akhirnya tidak mampu menahan invasi Sekutu pada 6 Juni 1944.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a name="Plot_Anti-Hitler" id="Plot_Anti-Hitler"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mw-headline">Plot Anti-Hitler</span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="thumb tright"><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rommels-grab.jpg" class="image" title="Makam Panglima Tertinggi Erwin Rommel, di Herrlingen (Blaustein), Jerman"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Rommels-grab.jpg/180px-Rommels-grab.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="135" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;" class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Rommels-grab.jpg" class="internal" title="Perbesar"><br /></a></div> Makam Panglima Tertinggi Erwin Rommel, di Herrlingen (Blaustein), Jerman</div> </div> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Pada 17 Juli 1944, dalam perjalanan pulang dari front, mobil Rommel diberondong pesawat Spitfire Angkatan Udara Kanada. Rommel terluka parah dan harus menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit. Pada saat yang sama, terbongkarlah konspirasi politik yang ingin menghabisi Hitler (Plot 20 Juli). Keterlibatan beberapa orang dekatnya menyebabkan Rommel dicurigai terlibat dalam upaya kudeta tersebut. Mengingat popularitas Rommel di mata rakyat Jerman, Hitler memberinya pilihan Bunuh Diri dengan menenggak Sianida atau mengaku di depan pengadilan rakyat (Volksgerichsoft). Rommel memilih mengakhiri hidupnya dengan sianida pada 14 Oktober 1944 dan dimakamkan secara kebesaran militer.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Setelah usai perang, istrinya menyatakan bahwa Rommel menentang plot tersebut karena ingin menghindari anggapan generasi penerus Jerman bahwa Jerman kalah di Perang Dunia II karena Hitler ditikam dari belakang, sebagaimana halnya yang terjadi pasca Perang Dunia ke-1 manakala sebagian besar anggota Wehrmacht tidak mau menyerah begitu saja kepada Sekutu. Rommel mengusulkan kepada kelompok Plot 20 Juli untuk menangkap Hitler dan menyeretnya ke pengadilan rakyat. Sayangnya plot tersebut terbongkar lebih dahulu sebelum dilaksanakan.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Buku harian Rommel lantas diterbitkan dengan judul <i>The Rommel's Papers</i>. Dan pada tahun 1951, sebuah perusahaan film Inggris memproduksi film berjudul The Desert Fox. Meski sebagian besar tokoh Nazi mendapat caci-maki dan dihukum oleh Sekutu, Rommel tetap dikenang kebesarannya dan sampai saat ini merupakan satu-satunya tokoh Reich Ketiga yang memiliki Museum mengenang dirinya dan karirnya.</p>Bobby Zuhdy Gunawanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04748607004508405188noreply@blogger.com0